Unknown Artist,,,,looking since 2008,,,,please idenitfy..if known Paris, France,,,,Montmartre From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia for the restaurant in Hollywood see Café Montmartre. Montmartre, dominated by the Basilica of the Sacré Cœur Montmartre is located in Paris Montmartre Montmartre Location of Montmartre in Paris Montmartre (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃.maʁtʁ]) is a hill in the north of Paris, France. It is 130 metres high and gives its name to the surrounding district, in the 18th arrondissement, a part of the Right Bank. The historic district established by the City of Paris in 1995 is bordered by rue Caulaincourt and rue Custine on the north; rue de Clignancourt on the east; boulevard Clichy and boulevard Rochechouart to the south; and rue Caulaincourt to the on the west, containing sixty hectares.[1] Montmartre is primarily known for the white-domed Basilica of the Sacré Cœur on its summit and as a nightclub district. The other, older, church on the hill is Saint Pierre de Montmartre, which claims to be the location at which the Jesuit order of priests was founded. Many artists had studios or worked in or around Montmartre, including Salvador Dalí, Amedeo Modigliani, Claude Monet, Piet Mondrian, Pablo Picasso, Camille Pissarro and Vincent van Gogh. Montmartre is also the setting for several hit films. This site is served by metro line 2 stations of Anvers, Pigalle and Blanche and the line 12 stations of Pigalle, Abbesses, Lamarck - Caulaincourt and Jules Joffrin. Contents 1 Name origin 2 History 2.1 19th century 3 Artists gather 4 Contemporary Montmartre 5 Montmartre in films 6 Main sights 7 References 8 Bibliography Name origin The toponym Mons Martis (Mount of Mars in Latin) survived into Merovingian times, Christianised as Montmartre,[2] signifying mountain of the martyr; it owes this name to the martyrdom of Saint Denis,[3] who was decapitated on the hill around 250 AD. Saint Denis was the Bishop of Paris and is a patron saint of France. History Saint-Pierre de Montmartre (1133) seen from the dome of the Basilica of the Sacré-Cœur. The Moulin de la Galette, painted by Vincent Van Gogh in 1887. (Carnegie Museum of Art). Archeological excavations show that the heights of Montmartre was occupied from at least Gallo-Roman times. Texts from the 8th century cite the name of mons Mercori (Mount Mercury), and a 9th-century text speaks of Mount Mars. Excavations in 1975 north of the Church of Saint-Pierre found coins from the 3rd century and the remains of a major wall. Earlier excavations in the 17th century at the Fontaine-du-But (2 rue Pierre-Dac) found vestiges of Roman baths from the 2nd century.[4] The butte owes its particular religious importance to the text entitled Miracles of Saint-Denis, written before 885 by Hilduin, Abbot of the monastery of Saint-Denis, which recounted how Saint Denis, a Christian bishop, was decapitated on the hilltop in 250 AD on orders of the Roman prefect Fescennius Sisinius for preaching the Christian faith to the Gallo-Roman inhabitants of Lutetia. According to Hilduin, Saint Denis collected his head and carried it as far as the fontaine Saint-Denis (on modern Impasse Girandon), then descended the north slope of the hill, where he died. Hilduin wrote that a church had been built In the place formerly called Mont de Mars, and then, by a happy change, Mont des Martyrs.[4] In 1134, King Louis VI purchased the Merovingian chapel and built on the site the church of Saint-Pierre de Montmartre, still standing. He also founded The Royal Abbey of Montmartre, a monastery of the Benedictine order, whose buildings, gardens and fields occupied most of Montmartre. He also built a small chapel, called the Martyrium, at the site where it was believed that Saint Denis had been decapitated. It became a popular pilgrimage site. In the 17th century a priory called Labbaye den bas was built at that site, and in 1686 it was occupied by a community of nuns. [4] The Abbey was destroyed in 1790 during the French Revolution, and the convent was destroyed to make place for gypsum mines. The church of Saint-Pierre was saved. At the place where the chapel of the Martyrs was located (now 11 rue Yvonne-Le Tac), an oratory was built in 1855. It was renovated in 1994.[4][5] By the 15th century, the north and northeast slopes of the hill were the site of a village surrounded by vineyards, gardens and orchards, growing peach and cherry trees. The first mills were built on the western slope in 1529, grinding wheat, barley and rye. There were thirteen mills at one time, though by the late nineteenth century only two mills remained,[4] During 1590 Siege of Paris, part of the French Wars of Religion, the hills at Montmartre were used by Henry IV to place his artillery where they could fire down into the city. The siege eventually failed when a large relief force approached and forced Henry to withdraw. In 1790, Montmartre was located just outside the limits of Paris. That year, under the new revolutionary government, it became the Commune of Montmartre, with its town hall located on Place du Tertre, where the old Abbey had been. The main businesses of the Commune were vineyards, stone quarries and gypsum mines. (See Mines of Paris). The mining of gypsum had begun in antiquity, first in open air mines and then underground, and continued until 1860. The gypsum was cut into blocks, baked, then ground and put into sacks. Sold as montmartarite, It was used for plaster, because it resisted fire and water. Between the 7th and 9th centuries, most of the sarcophagi found in ancient sites were made of molded gypsum. The mining was done with explosives, and riddled the ground under Montmatre with tunnels, making the ground very unstable and difficult to build upon. The construction of the Basilica of Sacre-Coeur required making a special foundation that went forty meter under the ground to hold the structure in place. [6] A fossil tooth found in one of the mines these was identified by Georges Cuvier as an extinct equine, which he dubbed Palaeotherium, the ancient animal. His sketch of the entire animal in 1825 was matched by a skeleton discovered later.[7] 19th century Basilica of the Sacré Cœur, Montmartre, Paris. The Bal du moulin de la Galette by Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1876) showed a Sunday afternoon dance in Montmartre. Russians soldiers occupied Montmartre when invading Paris in the course of the Battle of Paris (1814). They used the altitude of the hill for artillery bombardment of the city. Montmartre remained outside of the city limits of Paris until January 1, 1860, when it was annexed to the city along with other communities surrounding Paris, and became part of the 18th arrondissement of Paris. In 1871 Montmartre was the place where the revolutionary uprising of the Paris Commune began. During the Franco-Prussian War, the French army had stored a large number of cannon in a park at the top of the hill, near where the Basilica is today. On 18 March 1871, the soldiers from the French Army tried to remove the cannon from the hilltop. They were blocked by members of the politically-radicalized Paris National Guard, who captured and then killed two French army generals, and installed a revolutionary government that lasted two months. The heights of Montmartre were retaken by the French Army with heavy fighting at the end of May 1871, during what became known as Bloody Week.[8] In 1870 the future French prime minister during World War I, Georges Clemenceau, was appointed Mayor of the 18th arrondissement, including Montmartre, by the new government of the Third Republic, and was also elected to the National Assembly. A member of the radical republican party, he tried unsuccessfully to find a peaceful compromise between the even more radical Paris Commune and the more conservative French government. The Commune refused to recognize him as Mayor, and seized the town hall. He ran for a seat in the council of the Paris Commune, but received less than eight hundred votes. He did not participate in the Commune, and was out of the city when the Commune was suppressed by the French army. In 1876, during the Third Republic, he again was elected as deputy for Montmartre and the 18th arrondissement. [9] The Basilica of the Sacré Cœur was built on Montmartre from 1876 to 1919 by public subscription as a gesture of expiation for the suffering of the city during the Paris Commune and the 1871 Franco-Prussian War. Its white dome is a highly visible landmark in the city, and just below it artists still set up their easels each day amidst the tables and colourful umbrellas of Place du Tertre. By the 19th century, the butte was famous for its cafes, guinguettes, balls, and cabarets. The Chat Noir at 84 boulevard de Rochechouart was founded in 1881 by Rodolphe Salis, and became a popular haunt for writers and poets. The composer Eric Satie earned money by playing the piano there. The Moulin Rouge at 94 boulevard de Clichy was founded in 1899 by Joseph Oller and Carles Zidler; it became the birthplace of the French cancan. [10] Artists who performed in the cabarets of Montmartre included Yvette Guilbert, Marcelle Lender, Aristide Bruant, La Goulue, Georges Guibourg, Mistinguett, Fréhel, Jane Avril, Damia. Artists gather Théophile Steinlens famous advertisement for the tour of Le Chat Noir cabaret Many notable artists lived and worked in Montmartre, where the rents were low and the atmosphere congenial, during the Belle Époque from 1872 to 1914. Pierre-Auguste Renoir rented space at 12 rue Cartot in 1876 to paint Bal du moulin de la Galette, showing a dance at Montmartre on a Sunday afternoon. Maurice Utrillo lived at the same address from 1906 to 1914, and Raoul Dufy shared an atelier there from 1901 to 1911. The building is now the Musée de Montmartre.[11] Pablo Picasso, Amedeo Modigliani and other artists lived and worked in a building called Le Bateau-Lavoir during the years 1904–1909. Picasso painted one of his most important masterpieces, Les Demoiselles dAvignon, there. Several noted composers, including Erik Satie, lived in the neighbourhood. Most of the artists left after the outbreak of World War I, the majority of them going to the Montparnasse quarter.[12] Artists associations such as Les Nabis and the Incoherents were formed and individuals including Vincent van Gogh, Pierre Brissaud, Alfred Jarry, Jacques Villon, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Henri Matisse, André Derain, Suzanne Valadon, Edgar Degas, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Théophile Steinlen, and African-American expatriates such as Langston Hughes worked in Montmartre and drew some of their inspiration from the area. The last of the bohemian Montmartre artists was Gen Paul (1895–1975), born in Montmartre and a friend of Utrillo. Pauls calligraphic expressionist lithographs, sometimes memorializing picturesque Montmartre itself, owe a lot to Raoul Dufy. Among the last of the neighborhood’s bohemian gathering places was R-26, an artistic salon frequented by Josephine Baker, Le Corbusier and Django Reinhardt. Its name was immortalized by Reinhardt in his 1947 tribute song R. vingt-six.[13] Contemporary Montmartre The view from the butte looking towards Centre Georges Pompidou The Montmartre petit train doing its rounds near the Moulin Rouge cabaret. The stairs of the Rue Foyatier In La Bohème (1965), perhaps the best-known song by popular singer-songwriter Charles Aznavour, a painter recalls his youthful years in a Montmartre that has ceased to exist: Je ne reconnais plus/Ni les murs, ni les rues/Qui ont vu ma jeunesse/En haut dun escalier/Je cherche latelier/Dont plus rien ne subsiste/Dans son nouveau décor/Montmartre semble triste/Et les lilas sont morts (I no longer recognize/Neither the walls nor the streets/That had seen my youth/At the top of a staircase/I look for a studio-apartment/Of which nothing survives/In its new décor/Montmartre seems sad/And the lilacs died). The song is a farewell to what, according to Aznavour, were the last days of Montmartre as a site of bohemian activity. Vineyard in the Rue Saint-Vincent; the day of the Feast of gardens, 15 days after harvest. There is a small vineyard in the Rue Saint-Vincent, which continues the tradition of wine production in the Île de France; it yields about 500 litres per year.[14] The Musée de Montmartre is in the house where the painter Maurice Utrillo lived and worked in a second-floor studio. The mansion in the garden at the back is the oldest hotel on Montmartre, and one of its first owners was Claude Roze, also known as Roze de Rosimond, who bought it in 1680. Roze was the actor who replaced Molière, and, like his predecessor, died on stage. The house was Pierre-Auguste Renoirs first Montmartre address and many other names moved through the premises. Just off the top of the butte, Espace Dalí showcases surrealist artist Salvador Dalís work. Nearby, day and night, tourists visit such sights as the artists in Place du Tertre and the cabaret du Lapin Agile. Many renowned artists are buried in the Cimetière de Montmartre and the Cimetière Saint-Vincent. Montmartre is an officially designated historic district with limited development allowed in order to maintain its historic character. A funicular railway, the Funiculaire de Montmartre, operated by RATP, ascends the hill from the south while the Montmartre Bus circles the hill. Downhill to the southwest is the red-light district of Pigalle. That area is, today, largely known for a wide variety of stores specializing in instruments for rock music. There are also several concert halls, also used for rock music. The actual Moulin Rouge theatre is also in Pigalle, next to Blanche métro station. Montmartre in films The Heart of a Nation (released 1943) features a family resident in Montmarte from 1870 to 1939. An American in Paris (1951), with Gene Kelly and Leslie Caron, was the winner of the Oscar for the best film of 1951. Many important scenes, including the last scenes, take place in Montmartre, although most of the film was shot in Hollywood. Moulin Rouge told the story of the life and lost loves of painter Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. French Cancan (1954), a French musical comedy with Jean Gabin and Maria Felix, takes place in Montmartre, and tells the story of the Moulin Rouge and the invention of the famous dance. The director, Jean Renoir, was the son of the painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir, who painted several important works while living in Montmartre. Amélie (2001) the story of a young Parisian woman determined to help the lives of others and find her true love, is set in Montmartre and includes a key scene in the gardens below the Basilica. Moulin Rouge! (2001) a musical film set in Montmartre, is about the night club and a young writer who falls in love with a famous courtesan. La Môme, (2007) (La vie en rose) tells the life of French singer Edith Piaf who was discovered while singing in Pigalle. bordering on Montmartre. Main sights Portal icon Paris portal the Fête des vendanges of Montmartre, attended by more than 350,000 people during the first weekend in October each year the Place du Tertre, known for the artists who paint tourists for pleasure (and also money) the Espace Dalí, a museum dedicated to several of the surrealists masterpieces the Dalida house in rue dOrchampt the place Dalida the place Pigalle and the Moulin Rouge in the south the marché Saint-Pierre, area of the cloth sellers, in the south-east the working class districts with immigrant communities: Barbès (Maghreb) in the southeast, Château Rouge in the east the boulevard de Rochechouart (metro stations: Anvers and Pigalle) for its concert halls (La Cigale, LElysée-Montmartre, Le Trianon, La Boule Noire) inspired by the 19th century cabarets the cimetière de Montmartre the famous and often sung rue Lepic with its Les Deux Moulins café, made famous by the movie Le Fabuleux Destin dAmélie Poulain Erik Saties house the Place Marcel-Aymé, site of the R-26 artistic salon and the statue Le passe muraille rue Saint-Vincent, the vigne de Montmartre, the most famous of the Parisian vineyards (there are some others, in particular in the parc Georges Brassens in the 15ème arrondissement). Its wine is quite expensive; the earnings are used to help social institutions. It is overhung by beautiful buildings from the 20s Le Chat noir and the Lapin Agile cabarets whose clientele at the beginning of the 20th century was mainly French artists the Moulin de la Galette the funiculaire de Montmartre, a funicular railway one can use instead of the steps to ascend the hill the place Émile-Goudeau, where the Bateau-Lavoir welcomes great painters Place Jean-Marais the Wall of Love in the Jehan Rictus garden square References Dictionnaire historique de Paris, p. 476 Bailey K. Young, Archaeology in an Urban Setting: Excavations at Saint-Pierre-de-Montmartre, Paris, 1975-1977 Journal of Field Archaeology 5.3 (Autumn 1978:319-329) p 321: The tradition that a Temple of Mars stood on the south bluff and a Temple of Mercury farther west was known to Early Modern érudits. The place called the mont of Mars, now by a happy mutation known as the Mont of Martyrs, Miracles of Saint Denis (831) quoted in Young 1978:321 note5. Dictionnaire historique de Paris, p. 477. Bailey K. Young, Archaeology in an Urban Setting: Excavations at Saint-Pierre-de-Montmartre, Paris, 1975-1977, Journal of Field Archaeology 5.3 (Autumn 1978), pp. 319-329. The retaining wall of Sacré-Cœur (constructed in 1875) stands at the eastern edge of the much-reduced monastery site. Dictionnaire historique de Paris, p. 476. Knell, Simon J.; Suzanne Macleod; Sheila E. R. Watson, Museum revolutions: how museums and change and are changed Routledge, 1967, ISBN 0-415-44467-5, ISBN 978-0-415-44467-5. Sarmant, Thierry, Histoire de Paris, p. 196. Milza, Pierre, Lannée terrible - La Commune (mars-juin 1871) Dictionnaire historique de Paris, p. 478 Dictionaire historique de Paris, (2013), La Pochotheque, (ISBN 978-2-253-13140-3) Dictionaire Historique de Paris, pp. 476-480 Django Reinhardt - Swing De Paris. 6 Oct. 2012. Exhibit. La Cité de la musique, Paris. Information on the Clos Montmartre by Syndicat dInitiative, retrieved 2008-09-26 Bibliography Wikimedia Commons has media related to Montmartre. Sarmant, Thierry (2012). Histoire de Paris: Politique, urbanisme, civilisation. Editions Jean-Paul Gisserot. ISBN 978-2-755-803303. Dictionnaire Historique de Paris. Le Livre de Poche. 2013. ISBN 978-2-253-13140-3. Vie quotidienne a Montmartre au temps de Picasso, 1900-1910 (Daily Life on Montmartre in the Times of Picasso) was written by Jean-Paul Crespelle, an author-historian who specialized in the artistic life of Montmartre and Montparnasse. [hide] v t e Tourism in Paris Landmarks Arc de Triomphe Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel Arènes de Lutèce Bourse Catacombs of Paris Conciergerie Eiffel Tower Flame of Liberty Grand Palais and Petit Palais Institut de France Les Invalides Odéon Opéra Bastille Opéra Garnier Palais-Royal Porte Saint-Denis Porte Saint-Martin Palais de Justice Panthéon Sorbonne Tour Montparnasse Eiffel Tower Arc de Triomphe Museums Bibliothèque nationale Carnavalet Cité des Sciences et de lIndustrie Jeu de Paume Louis Vuitton Foundation Musée du Louvre Musée des Arts et Métiers Musée Grévin Musée Jacquemart-André Musée de lOrangerie Centre Pompidou/Beaubourg Musée du quai Branly Musée de Cluny Musée dOrsay Musée Rodin Muséum national dhistoire naturelle National Museum of the Middle Ages Palais de la Légion dHonneur Religious buildings Grand Mosque La Madeleine Notre Dame Père Lachaise Cemetery Sacré-Cœur Saint-Augustin Saint-Étienne-du-Mont Saint-Eustache Saint-Germain-des-Prés Saint-Germain lAuxerrois Saint-Jacques Tower Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis Saint-Pierre de Montmartre Saint-Sulpice Sainte-Clotilde Sainte-Chapelle Val-de-Grâce Hôtels particuliers and palaces Élysée Palace Hôtel de Soubise Hôtel de Ville Hôtel de Sens Hôtel Matignon Luxembourg Palace Palais Bourbon Famous streets, bridges and squares Avenue Foch Champs-Élysées Champ de Mars Faubourg Saint-Honoré Place de la Bastille Place de la Concorde Place Dauphine Place de la République Place Denfert-Rochereau Place Saint-Michel Place des Pyramides Place des Victoires Place des Vosges Place du Tertre Place Vendôme Pont Alexandre III Pont dIéna Pont de Bir-Hakeim Pont des Arts Pont Neuf Rue de Rivoli Trocadéro Parks and gardens Bois de Boulogne Bois de Vincennes Buttes Chaumont Park Jardin dAcclimatation Luxembourg Garden Montsouris Park Tuileries Garden Parisian Region Chantilly La Défense Disneyland Paris Écouen France Miniature Fontainebleau Malmaison Musée de lAir Musée Fragonard Parc Astérix Provins Rambouillet La Roche-Guyon Basilica of St Denis Saint-Germain-en-Laye Sceaux Stade de France Vaux-le-Vicomte Palace and Gardens of Versailles Vincennes Events and traditions Bastille Day military parade Fête de la Musique Republican Guard Nuit Blanche Paris Air Show Paris-Plages Paris Métro Bateau Mouche Coordinates: 48°53′13″N 02°20′28″E Categories: Visitor attractions in Paris Districts of Paris 18th arrondissement of Paris Montmartre Artist colonies Navigation menu Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikimedia Shop Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Afrikaans Bân-lâm-gú Беларуская Беларуская (тарашкевіца) Български Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Latina Magyar Македонски Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Română Русский Sardu Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last modified on 3 January 2015 at 16:34. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Posted on: Wed, 07 Jan 2015 00:02:03 +0000
Trending Topics
Recently Viewed Topics
© 2015