Why are interested Russian politics of ideology of the modern Georgian monarchist dominants. Зачем интересуются российские политики идеологией современных грузинских монархических доминант. _______________________________________________________________ ЭТНИЧЕСКИЕ ДОМИНАНТЫ В ИДЕОЛОГИИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ГРУЗИНСКОГО МОНАРХИЗМА Кирчанов Максим Валерьевич Воронежский государственный университет ____________________________________________ Politics In this paper we show that the Georgian monarchy developed as a form of political and ethnic nationalism. The article examines how modern monarchists develop narratives about the uniqueness of the Kartvelian Georgia and its special role in the region. Particular attention is paid to the problems of development and transformation of images in the Georgian Russian monarchism. The author believes that the ethnic nationalism of the modern Georgian nationalism - synthetic ideology based on civic nationalism, conservatism, and the Orthodox clericalism kartvelizm. Key words and phrases: Georgia; monarchy; nationalism; kartvelizm; images of the Other. Kirchanov Maxim V., Prof. Voronezh State University maksymkyrchanoff@gmail ETHNIC dominant in the ideology of the modern GEORGIAN monarchism © For over more than a century of Georgia is developing within the Republican political model. Republican institutions to have gained considerable stability and legitimacy in the eyes of society. This, however, does not mean that in Georgia there are alternative political movements that develop on the basis of other, non-republicanism, values and ideological principles. Among these the largest and most significant no-republican movements in modern Georgia special place belongs to monarchism. Modern Georgian monarchy should be analyzed as a component of Georgian nationalism. Problems of the modern Georgian monarchy among the topics, almost unexplored in contemporary Russian historiography. In the center of the authors attention in this article - some of the ideological and programmatic aspects in the current program of modern Georgian monarchist movement (shown on the official website of the movement georoyal.ge/ and promotes its leaders - G. Mamaladze, A. quasi Hadza, G. Hvededidze and others) associated with ethnic trends in nationalism. Under the manifestation of ethnic trends in monarchism is understood as the formation of a negative image of the Other, and idealizationtion of its own identity. Firstly, in the Georgian version of monarchism as Georgian nationalism is updated and the special role of Georgia in the world as well as in the Caucasus region. Georgian nationalists insist that the historical, ideological and political opponent of Georgia is Russia, although Georgian monarchists seeking to promote and very mild version of the perception of Russia by Georgian nationalists (eg, Gregory Robakidze [28]) of the 1910s. Georgian monarchists, considering Russia, tend to use religious marked association: in particular, they perceive Russia as Modernized form of the Russian Empire [15], comparing it with the new Egypt, ie the prison of nations, and Georgia, on the contrary, appears as the New Israel and the chosen people, carrying a special mission, which is reduced in among other things, to the overthrow of sin New Egypt [18]. In accordance temporary Georgian monarchism as Georgian nationalism as a whole is dominated by a negative image of Russia, which is based on the opposition of Russia and Georgia. Russias strategy in the world, is generally defined as an imperialist policy» («იმპერიალისტური პოლიტიკის») [5]. If Georgia monarchists tend to attribute all sorts of political and cultural virtues actualizing depending on the situation it belongs to Europe and be a victim of Russian politics (whereby Georgia lost the historically Georgian territories [21], in particular - in Asia Minor [22] or on the territory of modern RF [32], what are fond of pointing nationalists), the Russian images are formed in a qualitatively different coordinate system. Secondly, the efforts of some theorists monarchy created a negative image of Russia. The Georgian nationalist imagination of the Russian Federation appears as the successor of the Russian Empire, and as a nation, elite whose dream solely about the restoration of the Soviet Union [26], organically deny Georgias right to self-determination, taking the opinion of the nationalists, the native Georgian territory [34] do not accept the values and principles of democracy and human rights, as well as for the sake of their imperialist ambitions ignoring the rights of Russian in Russia itself [14]. In Russia, Georgian wine monarchists put coercive and violent assimilation and Russification, the elimination of church autonomy in Georgia, the regions economic oppression, violation of rights of Georgian nobility, limiting its political activity [45], and at the present stage - interference in the internal affairs of Ukraine [3]. In general, the monarchists in Georgia, like other political forces against the Ukrainian events took pro-Ukrainian side [35], acting in support of the supporters Euro-maydan, condemning the actions of Viktor Yanukovych and sharply criticized Russias position. Moreover, the monarchists and does believe that Georgias fate is decided in Ukraine [31], as the international strengthening of Russia, in their opinion, will launch a series of wars against Russian former Soviet republics. Georgian nationalists monarchist orientation argue that Russias imperial ambitions are a problem for around the world [13], and the Russian imperial ideology was the cause of many troubles for Russias neighbors throughout its history [Ibidem]. Therefore, according to the monarchists, the fact that the Ukrainian nationalists in the conflicts of the 1990s supported Georgia, was a natural manifestation of the anti-imperialist struggle. [8] In addition, the forming and developing a negative image of Russia, the Georgian monarchists seeking to actualize its dual danger: Gaioz Mamaladze categorically insists that «რუსული სახელმწიფო არა მარტო მეზობელთა უბედურების წყაროა, არამედ საკუთარი ხალხისაც» / «Russian state is the cause of accidents not only for neighboring countries, but also the cause [of suffering] own people [16]. Forming a negative image of Russia, modern monarchists often turn to the legacy of Georgian nationalists of the 1920s, which paid special attention to the criticism of the USSR as a country which had annexed the Georgian Democratic Republic [4], which was the restoration of the Russian oppression and slavery. [33] Analyzing the modern Russian Federation, the Georgian nationalists tend to emphasize its continuity with the Russian Empire, believing that Russias foreign policy is aggressive, imperialist and predatory nature. [16] In this regard, the monarchists address issues of history of the Crimean War, believing that she was played by Russia because of its economic and political backwardness, adherence to various discriminatory practices and strategies in the management of the country. [29] Comparing the current policy of the Russian Federation in relation to the Crimea with the historical experience of the Russian Empire, Georgian may monarchists insist that modern Russia continues an aggressive policy that is fraught with no restoration of the empire, and political crisis in the Russian Federation with its subsequent complete dismantling [30]. Third, developing ethnic moments in the ideology of nationalism, the Georgian monarchists pay special attention to the strengthening and consolidation of the Georgian national identity, the special role of Georgia in the region. According to the monarchists, Georgia must preserve and promote the true Orthodox faith; Georgians can and should create a strong state, which is the kingdom, that is, the monarchy; Georgia needs to develop as a modern and strong state; Georgia should play a special role in the migration policy in the region; Georgia must cooperate fully and actively promote the Georgian language, facilitating its study in the world; Georgia, imagined as a historical and political center of the Caucasus («საქართველო არის სრულიად კავკასიის ბუნებრივი ცენტრი» / «Georgia is a natural center of the Caucasus [10]), should contribute to the public and the political aspirations of the peoples of the North Caucasus and to assist them in establishing independent states [19] . This narrative of the North Caucasus in modern Georgian nationalism does not accidental, if we take into account the fact that the Georgian nationalists in some cases, trying to translate the ideas of separatists from the North Caucasus republics, in particular - from Chechnya. [47] Such political attitudes that are characteristic of the Georgian monarchy, are not unique. In various variations and modifications are presented and in other versions of Georgian nationalism, which probably indicates the assignment of monarchism to a large Georgian nationalist discourse. Monarchists are based on the belief that the separation of the world into separate nations is inevitable, and that each organically nation is committed to ensuring that live in their nation-state. With regard to the Georgians monarchists nationalists confident in the need to restore Great Georgia, which not only would integrate in its structure all the Georgian historical territory, but also actualized traditional Georgian values and institutions - the monarchy and Orthodoxy. [11] As for the Georgian nation, the quality of its system characteristics, according to the monarchists, should be recognized by the unique Georgian language, which is descended from the ancient Kartvelian settlers stored in different regions of the world [42]. Nationalists tend to oppose the Georgian language other languages, in particular - the Russian, believing that the status of Russian as a language of international communication is a national tragedy, which became a consequence of the policy of Russification. [25] A similar sense of rejection by the monarchist cause and national nihilism. In such a situation as an alternative to the monarchist-oriented nationalists proposed popularization of Georgian history (Grigol Khvedelidze, for example, declares that «იბერიელებმა უნდა შეიცნონ საკუთარი თავი, საკუთარი ადგილი კაცობრიობის ისტორიაში» [46], that is, the Iberians have to know themselves and their place in history mankind ) with mandatory updating the significant role that the Georgians or their ancestors played in the history of Europe. Therefore, the monarchists, who are actively developing a narrative about the uniqueness «ქართული ცივილიზაციის» («Georgian civilization [20]), it is believed that the ancient Kartvelians or their ancestors played special role in the development of various European cultures and civilizations [12], actualizing the pan-European nature of culture and the distribution of ancient Kartvels. The argument in favor of such a role Kartvelian element in European history Georgian monarchists indicate linguistic affinity between the Basques and the Georgians. [24] Traces of ancient Kartvelian influence of romantic nationalists are in the toponymy of Sardinia [6], reprinting and popularizing not quite academic texts of the Soviet period. In this situation, the historical concept of monarchists as successive nationalists carry all birth injuries perception of history, written in ethnic coordinate system. In addition, the Georgian monarchists being and Georgian nationalists, periodically polemic with Armenian writers who tend to attribute the appearance of the Georgian alphabet positive Armenian cultural influences [23] - these points of view and interpretations for Georgian nationalists, of course, is unacceptable. Therefore nationalists not only actualize the uniqueness of the Georgian language and alphabet, but also stand up for its all-round development and promotion. A significant place in the activities of the monarchists hold all sorts of cultural practices related to the promotion, for example, the Georgian language, its antiquity, the uniqueness of the alphabet [44], emphasis on the fact that he was in the center of interest of many scientists [43], in particular - Wilhelm von Humboldt [2ni . In some cases, the Georgian monarchists are beginning to act like nationalists and hard to pin down the nationalist imagination and design history, suggest that the oldest European language which originated about 15,000 years ago, appeared on the territory of Georgia and had direct genetic links to modern Kartvelian languages [27]. Kartvelian trends in modern Georgian monarchism in some cases contradict Christianity, which is one of the crucial factors in the development of nationalism in his monarchical version. Fourth, efforts monarchists as nationalists attempt to synthesize Christianity with an interest in the problems of the neo-pagan, although interest in the latter has not received in Georgia as fully developed as in other countries. Georgian monarchists pay special attention to the popularization of ancient Kartvelian pagan traditions, such as those associated with the cult of trees [38]. Kartvelian trends in modern Georgian monarchism manifested in relation to the problems of the monarchists antroponimic [1] in the interest of the Georgian language, in the language purism [36], in an effort to save the endangered and rare names [40], to promote traditional antroponimic and calls for a return to the more ancient and archaic forms of naming. Particular attention is paid to the connection of Georgian surnames with Christian tradition [37], but also ethnic labeling, unique Georgian surnames, their Kartvelian roots, remnants of tradition, in particular - the maternal clan [41], which is reflected in the practice of naming in some Georgian regions. Considering Christian formation in the genesis of the Georgian proper names, monarchists do not miss an opportunity to mention the negative role of the Soviet regime, associated with atheisation in Georgian culture naming. As for the Russian and Soviet periods [39], these stages in Georgian monarchical imagination regarded as exclusively negative and negative, associated with erosion and the erosion of the Georgian national traditions. As part of this trend in the activity monarchists offer a number of initiatives aimed at popularization of Georgian culture, in particular - Art. According monarchist intellectuals, painting reflects the complex history of Georgia, the various aspects and levels of Georgian identity and uniqueness. Analyzing the problems of the history of Georgian art, monarchists emphasize its proximity to the common European cultural tradition. [7] In this regard, updated another dimension Georgian monarchist ideology associated with Europeanism and significant pro-Western sympathies - that Europe and the West are perceived as universal cultural and political orientations. Thus, the ideology and political program of the Georgian monarchy is not only archaic, but also can be marginal and sometimes non-systemic nature. Supporters of the monarchy could not have unique political institutions, which would give them the opportunity to participate directly in political life, to influence political processes, in particular - making processes and the implementation of policy decisions. Desire for political participation will contribute to the inevitable transformation of the monarchy, but this transformation will be the probable and possible only if the monarchists are prepared to accept the formal rules of participation in the political process, that is institutionalized in the form of a political party. Monarchist movement exist in present-day Georgia, but at the moment they are marginal, and therefore the monarchical party can not compete with all the other ideological parties, political preferences which may vary from the extremes of communism to liberalism, but as a rule, are pragmatic and, in contrast to the monarchy, aiming to attract not only potential supporters, but also potential voters, as movements are primarily pragmatic rather than idealistic. Considerable idealism characteristic of the modern Georgian monarchy, which largely reduces its potency and adaptive to be integrated in the political space of modern Georgia, redirecting the energy of intellectuals on the formation and promotion of image of the enemy and the actualization of ethnic trends in the ideology of monarchy.
Posted on: Sun, 14 Sep 2014 20:51:48 +0000