c.mates ito ung sa PE 4 nating exam.print nyo nlng sbi ni sir. review nrin kau..goodlack :) GAME CHARACTERISTICS Volleyball is a sport played by two teams on a playing court divided by a net. There are different versions available for specific circumstances in order to offer the versatility of the game to everyone. The object of the game is to send the ball over the net in order to ground it on the opponent’s court, and to prevent the same effort by the opponent. The team has three hits for returning the ball (in addition to the block contact). The ball is put in play with a service: hit by the server over the net to the opponents. The rally continues until the ball is grounded on the playing court, goes “out” or a team fails to return it properly. In Volleyball, the team winning a rally scores a point (Rally Point System). When the receiving team wins a rally, it gains a point and the right to serve, and its players rotate one position clockwise. PART 1 PHILOSOPHY OF RULES AND REFEERING 8 PART 1: PHILOSOPHY OF RULES AND REFEERING INTRODUCTION Volleyball is one of the most successful and popular competitive and recreational sports in the world. It is fast, it is exciting and the action is explosive. Yet Volleyball comprises several crucial overlapping elements whose complimentary interactions render it unique amongst rally games. In recent years the FIVB has made great strides in adapting the game to a modern audience. This text is aimed at a broad Volleyball public – players, coaches, referees, spectators, commentators – for the following reasons: –– understanding the rules better, allows better play – coaches can create better team structure and tactics, allowing players full rein to display their skills; –– understanding the relationship between rules allows officials to make better decisions. This introduction at first focuses on Volleyball as a competitive sport, before setting out to identify the main qualities required for successful refereering. VOLLEYBALL IS A COMPETITIVE SPORT Competition taps latent strengths. It exhibits the best of ability, spirit, creativity and aesthetics. The rules are structured to allow all of these qualities. With a few exceptions, Volleyball allows all players to operate both at the net (in attack) and in the back of the court (to defend or serve). William Morgan, the game’s creator, would still recognize it because Volleyball has retained certain distinctive and essential elements over the years. Some of these it shares with other net/ball/ racquet games: –– Service –– Rotation (taking turns to serve) –– Attack –– Defence Volleyball is, however, unique amongst net games in insisting that the ball is in constant flight – a flying ball – and by allowing each team a degree of internal passing before the ball must be returned to the opponents. OFFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES 2013-2016 9 VOLLEY PASSING Service Rotation Explosive Action Defense Jumping Power Attack TEAM GAME DIVIDED COURTS The introduction of a specialist defensive player – the Libero – has moved the game forward in terms of rally length and multi-phase play. Modifications to the service rule have changed the act of service from simply a means of putting the ball in play to an offensive weapon. The concept of rotation is entrenched to allow for all-round athletes. The rules on player positions must permit teams to have flexibility and to create interesting developments in tactics. Competitors use this framework to contest techniques, tactics and power. The framework also allows players a freedom of expression to enthuse spectators and viewers. And the image of Volleyball is increasingly a good one. THE REFEREE WITHIN THIS FRAMEWORK The essence of a good official lies in the concept of fairness and consistency: –– to be fair to every participant, –– to be viewed as fair by the spectators. This demands a huge element of trust – the referee must be trusted to allow the players to entertain: ––by being accurate in his/her judgement; ––by understanding why the rule is written; ––by being an efficient organizer; ––by allowing the competition to flow and by directing it to a conclusion; ––by being an educator – using the rules to penalise the unfair or admonish the impolite; ––by promoting the game – that is, by allowing the spectacular elements in the game to shine and the best players to do what they do best: entertain the public. Finally we can say that a good referee will use the rules to make the competition a fulfilling experience for all concerned. To those who have read thus far, view the rules which follow as the current state of development of a great game, but keep in mind why these preceding few paragraphs may be of equal importance to you in your own position within the sport. Get FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT See Rules 1 PLAYING AREA The playing area includes the playing court and the free zone. It shall be rectangular and symmetrical. 1.1, D1a, D1b 1.1 DIMENSIONS D2 The playing court is a rectangle measuring 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a free zone which is a minimum of 3 m wide on all sides. The free playing space is the space above the playing area which is free from any obstructions. The free playing space shall measure a minimum of 7 m in height from the playing surface. For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the free zone shall measure a minimum of 5 m from the side lines and 8 m from the end lines. The free playing space shall measure a minimum of 12.5 m in height from the playing surface. 1.2 PLAYING SURFACE 1.2.1 The surface must be flat, horizontal and uniform. It must not present any danger of injury to the players. It is forbidden to play on rough or slippery surfaces. For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, only a wooden or synthetic surface is allowed. Any surface must be previously approved by the FIVB. 1.2.2 On indoor courts the surface of the playing court must be of a light colour. For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, white colours are required for the lines. Other colours, different from each other, are required for the playing court and the free zone. 1.1, 1.3 1.2.3 On outdoor courts a slope of 5 mm per metre is allowed for drainage. Court lines made of solid materials are forbidden. 1.3 12 PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME 1.3 LINES ON THE COURT D2 1.3.1 All lines are 5 cm wide. They must be of a light colour which is different from the colour of the floor and from any other lines. 1.2.2 1.3.2 Boundary lines Two side lines and two end lines mark the playing court. Both side lines and end lines are drawn inside the dimensions of the playing court. 1.1 1.3.3 Centre line The axis of the centre line divides the playing court into two equal courts measuring 9 x 9 m each; however the entire width of the line is considered to belong to both courts equally. This line extends beneath the net from side line to side line. D2 1.3.4 Attack line On each court, an attack line, whose rear edge is drawn 3 m back from the axis of the centre line, marks the front zone. 1.3.3, 1.4.1 For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the attack line is extended by the addition of broken lines from the side lines, with five 15 cm short lines 5 cm wide, drawn 20 cm from each other to a total length of 1.75 m. The “coach’s restriction line” (a broken line which extends from the attack line to the end line of the court, parallel to the side line and 1.75 metres from it) is composed of 15 cm short lines drawn 20 cm apart to mark the limit of the coach’s area of operation. D2 1.4 ZONES AND AREAS D1b, D2 1.4.1 Front zone 19.3.1.4, 23.3.2.3e, D2 On each court the front zone is limited by the axis of the centre line and the rear edge of the attack line. 1.3.3, 1.3.4, 19.3.1.4, 23.3.2.3e The front zone is considered to extend beyond the side lines to the end of the free zone. 1.1, 1.3.2 1.4.2 Service zone The service zone is a 9 m wide area behind each end line. It is laterally limited by two short lines, each 15 cm long, drawn 20 cm behind the end line as an extension of the side lines. Both short lines are included in the width of the service zone. 1.3.2, 12, D1b In depth, the service zone extends to the end of the free zone. 1.1 OFFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES 2013-2016 13 1.4.3 Substitution zone The substitution zone is limited by the extension of both attack lines up to the scorers table. 1.3.4, 15.6.1, D1b 1.4.4 Libero Replacement zone The Libero Replacement zone is part of the free zone on the side of the team benches, limited by the extension of the attack line up to the end line. 19.3.2.7, D1b 1.4.5 Warm-up area For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the warm-up areas, sized approximately 3 x 3 m, are located in both of the benchside corners, outside the free zone. 24.2.5, D1a, D1b 1.4.6 Penalty area A penalty area, sized approximately 1 x 1 m and equipped with two chairs, is located in the control area, outside the prolongation of each end line. They may be limited by a 5 cm wide red line. 21.3.2.1, D1a, D1b 1.5 TEMPERATURE The minimum temperature shall not be below 10° C (50° F). For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the maximum temperature shall not be higher than 25° C (77° F) and the minimum not lower than 16° C (61° F). 1.6 LIGHTING For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the lighting on the playing area should be 1000 to 1500 lux measured at 1 m above the surface of the playing area. 1 2 NET AND POSTS D3 2.1 HEIGHT OF THE NET 2.1.1 Placed vertically over the centre line there is a net whose top is set at the height of 2.43 m for men and 2.24 m for women. 1.3.3 2.1.2 Its height is measured from the centre of the playing court. The net height (over the two side lines) must be exactly the same and must not exceed the official height by more than 2 cm. 1.1, 1.3.2, 2.1.1 14 PART 2 - SECTION 1: GAME 2.2 STRUCTURE The net is 1 m wide and 9.50 to 10 metres long (with 25 to 50 cm on each side of the side bands), made of 10 cm square black mesh. D3 At its top a horizontal band, 7 cm wide, made of two-fold white canvas, is sewn along its full length. Each extreme end of the band has a hole, through which passes a cord, fastening the band to the posts for keeping its top taut. Within the band, a flexible cable fastens the net to the posts and keeps its top taut. At the bottom of the net there is another horizontal band, 5cm wide, similar to the top band, through which is threaded a rope. This rope fastens the net to the posts and keeps its lower part taut. 2.3 SIDE BANDS Two white bands are fastened vertically to the net and placed directly above each side line. 1.3.2, D3 They are 5 cm wide and 1 m long and are considered as part of the net. 2.4 ANTENNAE An antenna is a flexible rod, 1.80 m long and 10 mm in diameter, made of fibreglass or similar material. An antenna is fastened at the outer edge of each side band. The antennae are placed on opposite sides of the net. 2.3, D3 The top 80 cm of each antenna extends above the net and is marked with 10 cm stripes of contrasting colour, preferably red and white. The antennae are considered as part of the net and laterally delimit the crossing space. 10.1.1, D3, D5a, D5b 2.5 POSTS 2.5.1 The posts supporting the net are placed at a distance of 0.50-1.00 m outside the side lines. They are 2.55 m high and preferably adjustable. D3 For all FIVB, World and Official Competitions, the posts supporting the net are placed at a distance of 1 m outside the side lines. 2.5.2 The posts are rounded and smooth, fixed to the ground without wires. There shall be no dangerous or obstructing devices. 2.6 ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT All additional equipment is determined by FIVB regulations. OFFICIAL VOLLEYBALL RULES 2013-2016 15 3 BALLS 3.1 STANDARDS The ball shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather or synthetic leather case with a bladder inside, made of rubber or a similar material. Its colour may be a uniform light colour or a combination of colours. Synthetic leather material and colour combinations of balls used in international official competitions should comply with FIVB standards. Its circumference is 65-67 cm and its weight is 260-280 g. Its inside pressure shall be 0.30 to 0.325 kg/cm2 (4.26 to 4.61 psi) (294.3 to 318.82 mbar or hPa). 3.2 UNIFORMITY OF BALLS All balls used in a match must have the same standards regarding circumference, weight, pressure, type, colour, etc. 3.1 FIVB, World and Official Competitions, as well as National or League Championships, must be played with FIVB approved balls, unless by agreement of FIVB. 3.3 THREE-BALL SYSTEM For FIVB, World and Official Competitions, three balls shall be used. In this case, six ball retrievers are stationed, one at each corner of the free zone and one behind each referee. D10
Posted on: Fri, 15 Nov 2013 09:26:42 +0000
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