cả nhà mình ôn thi đi này :* thi tốt nhé :* 1. 1.Most people think of computer as, very modern inventions products of our new technological age. But actually the idea for a computer (was) worked out over two centuries ago by a man (called) Charles Babbage was born (in) 1791 and grew up to be a brilliant mathematician. He drew up plans for several calculating machines (which) he called “engines”. But despite the fact that he (started) building some of these, he never finished any of them. Over the years people have argued (whether) his machines would ever work. Recently, however the Science museum in London has finished building (an) engine based on one of Babbage’s designs. (It) has taken six years to complete and more (than) four thousand parts have been specially made. Whether it works or not, the machine will be o show at a special exhibition in the science Museum (to) remind people of Babbage’s work. 2. 2.When I first started learning English ten years ago. I could hardly (say) a word - ‘hello’ , ‘goodbye’ , ‘thank you’ was just about it . I went to classes two evenings a week and I was surprised at how quickly I (made) progress. (During) the course we learned lots of vocabulary and studied grammar rules. (The) thing I enjoyed most was being able to practice speaking with the other students in my class. After two years I went to England to a (language) school. It was in Cambridge I did a (three – week) course at a very good school and I stayed with a local family. It was a fantastic experience. I (picked) up a lot of new language from speaking with my host family and with other students from (all over) the world. I really improved my pronunciation as well. When I got back (to) Spain, I was so much more confident, I (could) actually hold a conversation which my teacher I English. 3. There has been a revolution in the world of newspapers. Not many years ago, newspapers were being produced using techniques unchanged for a hundred years. The journalists gave their stories to a typist, who prepared them for an editor, who passed them on to the printer. The printer, who was a very skilled man, set up the type. This was then collected to make the pages. When the pages were complete, the printing machines could be started. Nowadays what happens? The journalists type their stories into a computer. The computer checks their spelling, plans the page shapes the articles. When the pages are ready, another computer may control the printing. There can be no doubt about it, producing a newspaper in an entirely different business now 4. Are you looking (for) a cheap, clean, effective source of power that doesn`t cause pollution or waste (natural) resource? Look no further than solar energy (from) the Sun. At present most of our electricity (comes) from the use of coal and gas, oil or nuclear power .This power could be provided by the Sun. One percent of the solar energy that reaches the Earth is enough to (provide) power for the total population. Many countries are already using solar energy. Solar panels are placed (on) the roof of a house and the Sun`s energy is used to heat water .The energy can be stored a number of days, (so) on cloudy days you can use solar energy, too. Sweden has an (advanced) solar energy program. There, all buildings will be heated by solar energy and cars will use solar power instead of gas by the year 2015. 5. Drought is a condition that becomes when the average rainfall for a fertile area drops far below the normal amount for a long period of time. In areas which are not irritated, the lack of rain causes farm crops to wither and dead. Higher than normal temperatures usually accompany periods of drought .They add to the crop damage. Forest fires start easily during drought. The soil of a drought area becomes dry and crumbles. Often the rich topsoil is blown away by the hot, dry winds .Streams, ponds, and wells often dry up during a drought, and animals suffer and may even die because of the lack of water. 6. Markets In practically any country in the world, you are sure to find a market somewhere. Markets have been with us since ancient times, when people became self - sufficient and needed to exchange the goods they produced. For example, a farmer might have exchanged a cow for tools and so on. But just as times have changed so have market practices. So, whereas in early times the main activity associated with markets would have been baring, meaning the exchange of goods as described above, today most stall- holders wouldn`t be too keen on accepting potatoes as payment, for instance, instead of cash. In contrast, what might be a common sight in a modern market is a certain amount of haggling, where customer and seller eventually agree on a price, after what can sometimes be quite a heated debate. This has become so popular in certain places that many people think that this is what makes the unique atmosphere of a market. But just as no two people are the same, no two markets are the same either, and so behavior which is expected in one market in one country may not be acceptable in another. Just within one country, there are those markets where you could haggle quite easily and those where you would be advised not to try! 7. Among the festivals celebrated by some of Asian peoples is the Moon Cake Festival, also known as the Mid-August Festival. Large numbers of small round moon cakes are eaten on this day, and children enjoy carrying colorful paper lanterns which come in all shapes, the most popular ones are shaped like fish, rabbits and butterflies. According to them, the moon shines the brightest on the night of the Moon Cake Festival. As the moon rises, tables are placed outside the house and women offer fruit and moon cakes offerings the Moon Goddess. 8. Water is necessary for life. People can live only a few days without it. Yet nearly 25 million people die each year because of it. Both industrial nations and less developed countries are worried about the quality and quantity of water in the world. Even though people animals, agriculture, and industry use a lot of water. There is more than enough on the earth. Water covers about three-fourths of the Earth’s surface. However, 97.4 percent of it is salt water. Three-fourths of the earth’s fresh water is frozen in glaciers ad I the great polar ice caps. Most of the water we use comes from rivers and atmosphere. Less than one percent of the earth’s water is used, and we use it and over again. One of the problems about water is distribution. Water is not always supplied where the large population centers are. Some regions get enough rain, but it is all in one or two short raining seasons. 9. My home is in the air. I do an enormous amount of travelling. It is a fast life and full of work, but I like it and that is the only way for me. Everything is tiring - music, travelling, but what I can do? I am not used to complaining. It is hard to imagine now that I will ever be very long in one place. My home town is in the Caspian Sea. There is sea, wind, sun and too many tourists and hotels. I have my own flat with four or five rooms, but I am seldom there. If I am there for a day or two, I prefer to stay with my mother and grandmother. They live in a small house, but it is very comfortable and my mother cooks for me. I like good, simple food. I have no wife, no brothers or sisters, and my father died when I was ten. He was an engineer and I don’t remember him very well. He liked music very much and wanted me to become a musician. 10. The table tennis match was very enjoyable before someone lit a cigarette and ruined the evening. After finishing smoking, they let the cigarette fall on the wooden floor. Unfortunately, they dropped it without putting it out but no one paid any attention to it. Even the woman who was sitting next to the man with the cigarette did not notice. Soon, however there was a lot of smoke. Suddenly flames shot up in to the air. Someone immediately ran out of the room to phone the fire brigade. Two or three men got some buckets of water to put out the fire, but it was useless. Everyone in the large hall was very frightened. The next moment people rushed towards the main door. Before the fire brigade arrived the whole building was on fire. On entering the burning building, one of the firemen succeeded in rescuing an old woman. 11. In the United States of America the national language is also English. Four hundred years ago some English people sailed to North America to live there, and they brought the English language to this new country. Now in the United States of America people speak American English. Most of words are the same in American and in British English, but the American people say some English words not like people do in England. Canada is to the North of the United States of America. It is larger than the United States. In Canada many people speak English because they also came from England many years ago. But in some parts of Canada, they speak French. The people living in these parts came from France. 12. When first men learned how to make a fire, he began to use fuel for the first time. The first fuel he used was probably wooden. As time passed, man eventually discovered that substances such as coal and oil will burn. Coal was not used very wide as s source of energy until the 19th century. With the coming of the industrial revolution, it was soon realized that production would double if coal was used instead of wood. Nowadays, many of the huge factories and electricity generating stations would be unable to function if there was no coal. In the last twenty or thirty years, however, the use of coal has declined. As a result, there have been changes in the coal industry. It is believed that more people would use coal if oil and gas are not so readily available. There is more than supply coal enough in the world for man’s needs for the next two hundred years if our use of coal does not increase. Unfortunately, however, about half of the world’s coal may never been used. Mining much of it would be very expensive even if it was possible to use new equipment. 13. The first signal was invented by a railway signaling engineer. It was installed outside the Houses of Parliament in 1868. It looked like any railway signal of the time, and was operated by gas. However it exploded and killed a policeman, and the accident discourage further development until cars became common. Model traffic lights are an American invention. Red-green systems were installed in Cleveland in 1914. Three color signals, operated by hand from a tower in the middle of the street, were installed in New York in 1918. The first lights of this type to appear in Britain were in London, on the junction between St. Jamess Street and Peccadillo, in 1925. Automatic signals were installed a year later. In the past, traffic lights were special. In New York, some lights had a statue on top. In Los Angeles the lights did not just change silently, but would ring bells to wake the sleeping motorists of the 1930s. These are gone and have been replaced by standard models which are universally adopted. 14. Water is our life source. It make up 70 per cent of our bodies, and average person actually spends 18 months of his life in the bath or shower. But we are only now leaning how to look for water. Acriss rain Has polluted as many as 18,000 lakes and our seas and rives are polluted with waste products. It is now more expensive to try to repair the damage which has been done. We have some hope for the future, though, because new sources of water have been discovered. People living in the Sahara Derert have found fish swimming in deep underground streams. Scientists also believe there is a huge lake underneath London. If we have learnt from our mistakes, we will try keep the new areas of water clean. 15. Most British people go abroad on holiday to visit family, or on short business trip. People are advised to find out how to get urgent treatment before leaving the UK. They have to get a form which explains what they should do if they fall ill or have an accident, and what arrangements exits in each country for medical treatment. The regulations are fairly simple but if people do not have this information, they may find that private medical care is extremely expensive. It is not unusual for people to discover that they do not have enough money with them to pay the total costs and in such circumstances an already difficult situation becomes even more complicated. 16. Interest in undiscovered human-like creatures to be widespread. Everyone has heard of the Yeti and its North American cousin Bigfoot, but since the last century there1 have been reports of the existence in Australia of another, less famous creature-the Yahoo. In 1912, a Sydney newspaper declate an account by Charles Harper of a strange, large animal he observed under the light of his campfire It body, legs and arms were covered with long, brownish-red hair, but what struck me as most extraordinary was its shape, which was human in some ways yet at the same time very different. The body was enormous indicating great strength. The aims were extremely long and very muscular Harper continued: All this observation lasted a few minutes while the creature stood there, as if frightened by the firelight. After a few growls and beating his breast, he set in the first few metures upright, then on all four limbs through the low bushes. Nothing would persuade my companions on the trip, a fact at which I must admit I was rather pleased 17. At six oclock yesterday evening, the River Thames burst its banks and flooded a wide area. By nine o clock the floods had reached the town of Dorchester. The main street was soon under 3 feet of water. Fire engines arrived quickly to pump away the water, but heavy rain made their job very difficult. Mrs. Rose Willow, a lady nearly 80 years old, and living alone in her cottage, was trapped upstairs for three hours. Finally, firemen were able to rescue her with ladders and a small boat. My cat, Tibbles, stayed with me all the time, said Mrs. Willow. She helped me a lot. She sat with me, so I didnt feel afraid. The rain has finally stopped, the river level is falling and the weather forecast is good, but the floods have done a great deal of damage. Luckily, nobody was drowned or injured, Chief Fire office Hawkins told reporters, but it will take a long time to clear up the mess. 18. A driving instructor died in a road accident near Oxford while he was giving a lesson to a learner. Mr. Tony Carter of Market Street, Oxford, was in the passenger seat of a Metro car when it crashed into a lorry on the A 361. Mr. Cater, 34, a married man with two children, was the sixty-ninth person to die on Oxford shires roads so far this year. The accident happened at 2.30 p.m. Last Thursday, when Mr. Caters Metro, driven by 17-year old Wayne Easton, of Iffley Road, Oxford, was turning right at a crossroads. The car hit a Mercedes lorry which was travelling in the opposite direction. Mr. Easton was taken to the John Radeliffe hospital, Oxford, where his condition was described as satisfactory. He has since gone home. The lorry driver, Mr. Ron Tubbs, of Queen Street, Abingdon, was unhurt. There was no signal, said Mr. Tubbs. I didnt know he was going to turn right, so I just kept going straight ahead as normal. Police would like to talk to the driver of a red and white coach which was traveling behind the lorry at the time of the accident. 19. Ho Chi Minh City is the most important economic center in Vietnam. It accounts for a big percentage of Vietnam’s economy. Some 300,000 businesses, including many large enterprises, are involved in high-tech, electronic, processing and light industries, also construction, building materials and agro-products. Investors are still pouring money into the city. There are 171 medium and large-scale markets, tens of supermarket chains, dozens of luxury shopping malls and many modern fashion or beauty center. There are over 50 banks with hundreds of branches and about 20 insurance companies in the city. The city opened the first Stock Exchange of Vietnam in 2011 ad it is today one of important Asian Stock Markets. 20. Every day, in homes all over the world, people waste huge amounts of energy and water. Hong Kong is estimated to waste about $5 billion worth of energy a year. This is due to their bad habits. For example, leaving lights, air-conditioners and televisions on when no one is in the room accounts for wasteful energy consumption. Using too much water, or not fixing dripping taps, also contributes to the problem. Most people do not realize that saving energy in the home will actually save them money. If people use less energy, gas and electricity bills will become lower. Most of the ways we can use to decrease energy consumption in the home are very simple. The most obvious one is to turn off household appliances when they are not in use. 21. Electricity is the most common form of energy used today. In the moderns world, electricity is instantly available at the touch of a switch. Electricity has numerous uses. The most common use of electricity is to provide artificial lighting. In factories, electricity is used to drive the electric motor of machines. In offices, electricity is used to light up the workplace. It is also used to operate air-conditioners, computers and many other machines. 22. I went to Australia on a student program last year and I like to tell you about it. I was very excited when I knew I was going to Australia because I had never been there before. I didn’t think about the problems of speaking English until I met my host family. At first I couldn’t communicate with them because my English was so bad. All the five years I had been learning English wasn’t much used at all because we didn’t have real practice at school. Even though my grammar was good, my pronunciation wasn’t. My problem is pronouncing ‘l’ and ‘r’. For example, Australian people often asked “What do you eat in Vietnam?” I wanted to tell them that we eat rice, but they didn’t understand when I said “We eat lice”… 23. Air pollution is a cause of ill-health in human beings. In a lot of countries there are laws limiting the amount of smoke which factories can produce. Although there isn’t enough information on the effects of smoke in the atmosphere, doctors have proved that air pollution causes lung diseases. The gases from the exhausts of cars have also increased air pollution in most cities. The lead in petrol produces a poisonous gas which often collects in busy streets surrounded by high buildings. Children who live in areas where there is a lot of lead in the atmosphere cannot think as quickly as other children and are clumsy when they use their hands. There are other long-term effects of pollution. If the gases in the atmosphere continue to increase, the earth’s climate may become warmer. A lot of the ice near the poles may melt and may cause serious floods. 24. The world’s first computer was made at the University of Pennsylvania in 1946 although computer-like machines were built in the 19th century. Computers were sold commercially for the first time in the 1950s, and a lot of progress has been made since then. Computers now are much smaller and more powerful, and they can be bought much more cheaply. Computers are used in many fields- in business, science, medicine, education and so on. They can be used to forecast the weather or to control robots which made cars. Many home computers have been sold recently. People know more about computers than they used to. Computers help us much in our work and they are playing a big part in our lives. Many people believe we can look forward to the day when even our household jobs like cleaning, ironing, decorating will be done by computer-controlled robots. 25. Camping is a very popular form of living outdoors. It gives people the opportunity of spending their free time in nature or in the wilderness. Camping may start by spending the night in a tent in your own back yard and end up by going on a trip that may last for several weeks. Some campers stay in one place for days, a week or even longer. From there they visit tourist attractions, go fishing or hunting, play games and do active sports like mountain biking or just simply relax. Others prefer to tour areas and spend every night in a different place. They travel by car or motor homes. Each year millions of people go camping. They can explore new surroundings and be close to nature at the same time. 26. The country is more beautiful than a town and more pleasant to live in. Many people think so, and go to the country for the summer holidays though they cannot live there all the year round. Some have a cottage built in a village so that they can go there whenever they can find the time. English villages are not all alike, but in some ways they are not very different from one another. Almost every village has a church, the round or square tower of which they can be seen for many miles around. Surrounding the church is the churchyard, where people are buried. The village green is a wide stretch of grass, and houses or cottages are built around it. Country life is now fairly comfortable and many villages have water brought through pipes into each house. Most villages are so close to some small town that people can go there to buy what they can’t find in the village shops.
Posted on: Tue, 08 Jul 2014 13:53:40 +0000
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