All you can kwow about thenDemocratic Forces for the liberation of Rwanda whitch is among armed groups disturbing DRC peace chance! The Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda is the primary remnant Rwandan Hutu rebel group in the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is often referred to as simply the FDLR after its original French name: the Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda . It has been involved in fighting from its formation on 30 September 2000 throughout the last phase of the Second Congo War and the fighting which has continued since then. It is composed almost entirely of ethnic Hutus opposed to Tutsi rule and influence in the region. The FDLR was formed after negotiations between the Army for the Liberation of Rwanda and the remnant Hutu military command agreed that the ALiR be dissolved. Paul Rwarakabije was appointed commander in chief of the entire force, but ALiR had to accept the political leadership of the FDLR. As of December 2009, Major General Sylvestre Mudacumura was the FDLR’s overall military commander. He was the former deputy commander of the FAR Presidential Guard in Rwanda in 1994. The FDLR made a partial separation between its military and civilian wings in September 2003 when a formal armed branch, the Forces Combattantes Abacunguzi (FOCA), was created. According to the U.S. National Counterterrorism Center, the FDLR is believed to be responsible for about a dozen terrorist attacks committed in 2009. These acts of terrorism have killed hundreds of civilians in Eastern Congo. Dispositions at merger Before ALiR merged with the FDLR in September 2000, the military configuration was as follows: ALiR was split into two divisions, each containing three brigades of about 2000 men (a total of 12,000 men). The first division was stationed in North Kivu and the second around the Kahuzi Biega forest (in the Shabunda, Mwenga , Kalehe territories) and in South Kivu . The FDLR troops consisted of one division of three brigades, plus one more incomplete brigade. After fighting for Kinshasa, troop numbers were down to little more than 7000-8000 men, according to the FDLR. But this figure does not take into account the probable recruitment and training of three supplementary brigades, as reported and denounced by the Rwandan government. After the ALiR/FDLR merger, for logistical reasons, an operations centre for troops present in southern Kivu remained in Kamina. Gerard Prunier presents a different picture to the ICGs assessment. As of approximately August 2001, he describes two separate ALiR groups, the old ALiR I in North Kivu, made up of ex-FAR and Interahamwe, about 4,000 strong, and the new ALiR II operating in South Kivu out of DR Congo government supported bases in Kasai and northern Katanga . Prunier says of ALiR II that ..it had over 10,000 men, and although many of the officers were old genocidaires most of the combatants were recruited after 1997. They were the ones that fought around Pepa , Moba , and Pweto in late 2000.The even newer FDLR had around 3,000 men, based in Kamina in Katanga . Still untried in combat, they had been trained by the Zimbabweans and were a small, fully equipped conventional army. It is not clear which if either of these two accounts is correct. The ALiR is currently listed on the U.S. Department of States Terrorist Exclusion List as a terrorist organization.
Posted on: Wed, 17 Dec 2014 16:24:03 +0000
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