Bachelors degree From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2010) A common design template of a bachelors degree diploma from the United States A bachelors degree (also baccalaureate, from Modern Latin baccalaureatus) is usually earned for an undergraduate course of study that nominally requires three to five years of study (depending on institution and field of study). In some cases, it may also be the name of a second graduate degree, such as a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.), Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.), Bachelor of Civil Law, the Bachelor of Music, the Bachelor of Philosophy, or the Bachelor of Sacred Theology, degree which in some countries are only offered after a first graduate/bachelors degree. The term bachelor (Middle Latin baccalarius) in the 14th century referred to a young squire in training, and by the end of the century was also used of junior members of guilds or universities. By folk etymology or wordplay, the word baccalaureus came to be associated with bacca lauri or laurel berry in reference to laurels being awarded for academic success or honours.[1] Under the British system, and those influenced by it, undergraduate degrees are differentiated either as pass degrees (also known in some areas as ordinary degrees) or as Honours degrees, the latter sometimes denoted by the appearance of (Hons) after the degree abbreviation.[2] An Honours degree generally requires a higher academic standard than a pass degree, and in some universities a fourth year of study. In some countries, e.g. Australia and Canada, the Honours degree should not be confused with the postgraduate Bachelors degree With Honours or Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree. It is a consecutive academic degree, which is the continuation of a completed (Honours) Bachelor degree program in the same field and is usually obtained in order to join a PhD programme; it requires a minimum of one year, but may also take longer. Variations[edit] It has been suggested that this section be split into a new article. (Discuss) Proposed since June 2014. Africa[edit] In most African countries the university systems follow the model of their former colonizing power. For example, the Nigerian university system is similar to the British system, while the Ivorian system is akin to the French. Algeria[edit] Bachelors degrees in the Algerian universities are called الليسانس in Arabic or la license in French, the degree normally takes three years to complete and is a part of the LMD(Licence, Master, Doctorat)reform, students can enroll in a bachelors degree program in different fields of study after obtaining their Baccalauréat(the national secondary education test).The degree is typically identicall to the program of Frances universities,as specified in the LMD reform bachelors degree programs cover most of the fields in the Algerian university except some fields such as medecine and Pharmaceutical Science. Botswana[edit] Bachelors degrees in the University of Botswana normally take four years. The system draws on both British and American models. Degrees are classified as First Class, Second Class Division One (2:1), Second Class Division Two (2:2) and Third as in English degrees, but without being described as honours. The main degrees are named by British tradition (Arts, Science, Law, etc.), but in recent years there have been a numbers of degrees named after specific subjects, such as Bachelor of Library and Information. Morocco[edit] In Morocco Bachelors degree is referred to as al-ʾijāzah (Arabic, French: license). It lasts three years that are further divided into two cycles. The first cycle comprises the first, or propedeutic, year. Students, after successfully completing their first year, can pursue either theoretical specialization (études fondamentales) or professional specialization (études professionnelles). The second cycle is two years long, after completing which, students are conferred upon the Licence dEtudes Fondamentales or the Licence Professionnelle.[3] This academic degree system was introduced in September 2003[4] Nigeria[edit] University admission is extremely competitive, with attendant advantages and disadvantages. Nonetheless, it takes four to five years to complete a bachelors degree. In cases of poor performance, the time limit is double the standard amount of time. For example, one may not study for more than 10 years for a five-year course. Students are normally asked to leave if they must take longer. Nigerian universities offer BSc, BTech (usually from Universities of Technology), BArch (six years), and other specialized undergraduate degrees, such as BEng (Bachelor of Engineering degree). Science undergraduate degrees may require six months or a semester dedicated to SIWES (Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme) but it is usually mandatory for all engineering degrees. A semester for project work/thesis is required, not excluding course work, during the bachelor thesis in the final year. The classifications of degrees: first-class, second-class (upper and lower), third-class (with honours; i.e., BSc (Hons)) and a pass (no honours). First- and second-class graduates are immediately eligible for advanced postgraduate degrees (i.e., MScs and PhDs), but other classes may be required for an additional postgraduate diploma before such eligibility.[5] Furthermore, all graduating students are obliged to do the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) requirement, which usually takes one year, after which they are eligible to pursue higher degrees. The NYSC is a paramilitary service that involves students being posted to different parts of the country to serve in various capacities. Principal objectives of the NYSC are to forge national cohesion, encourage students to apply their obtained knowledge to solving problems of rural Nigeria, and others. The NYSC was established by law after the Nigerian Civil War.[6] Polytechnical schools (polytechnics) in Nigeria are not considered universities. They are mandated to educate technicians of high calibre; they offer the OND (ordinary national diploma) and the HND (higher national diploma). The polytechnics focus very strongly on practical technical training. The BSc and HND are compared in engineering circles but there are significant differences in training philosophies. Honours degrees in Nigeria are differentiated only on the basis of performance. Honours degrees include the first-class degree, second-class degrees (upper and lower) and the third-class degree, but not the pass. All university students must do an independent research project which applies the knowledge obtained during the previous years of study. The project work must be submitted in the semester before graduation and usually takes a significant number of points. Further course work is not precluded during the project work, but the courses are fewer and are at an advanced level. Project work is orally defended before the faculty and before peers. In the sciences and engineering a demonstration of the project is usually required. The exceptions are theoretical work, for which a media project is required. South Africa[edit] In South Africa, an honours degree is an additional postgraduate qualification in the same area as the undergraduate major, and requires at least one further year of study as well as a research report. Kenya[edit] In Kenya, University education is highly valued and supported by the government,[7] affluent individuals as well as corporate entities who demonstrate this by providing loans and scholarships to students who perform exceptionally well in their Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education(KCSE) examination. A bachelors degree is awarded to students who successfully complete a 3 to 7 year course depending on the area of study. For most degree programmes, a research project and an internship period after which a report is written by the student is a must before the student is allowed to graduate. in 2012 a number of select colleges were upgraded to university status in a bid to increase the intake of students into the degree program.[8] Asia[edit] Bangladesh[edit] In Bangladesh, universities and colleges award three- and four-year degrees (three-year degrees courses are called pass courses and four-year degree courses are called honours courses) in science and business (BSc, BBS, BBA, four-year and three months, etc.) and three- and four-year degrees in arts (BA, BSS, etc.). Engineering universities provide four-year degree programs for bachelors degree courses of study. Medical colleges have five-year degree programmes. In law education there is a two-year LLB degree after completing three years in a BA program for a total of five years of study. There is also a four-year LLB honours degree. All of these programs begin after achieving the Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC — in total 12 years of education). America[edit] Usually the region presents bachelors, Masters, doctoral, and postdoctoral degrees. Canada[edit] Education in Canada is governed independently by each province and territory, and thus there are differences between provinces when it comes to the granting of degrees. Each province loosely follows the United States model but, e.g. in Québec, also the French model. Bachelors degrees may take either three or four years to complete and are awarded by colleges and universities. In many universities and colleges bachelor´s degrees are differentiated either as bachelor´s or as honours bachelor´s degrees. The term Honours is an academic distinction, which indicates that students must achieve their bachelors degree with a sufficiently high overall grade point average; in addition, some programs may require more education than non-honours programs. The honours degrees are sometimes designated with the abbreviation in brackets of (Hon(s)). It should not be confused with the consecutive bachelors degree with Honours, from Latin Baccalaureatus Cum Honore, abbr. e.g. BA hon. de jure without brackets and with dot. It is a postgraduate degree which is considered to be the equivalent of corresponding maîtrise degrees under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year bachelor´s degree (also known e.g. in Québec as grade de bachelier) was also called a pass degree or general degree. A student who first achieves a general bachelors degree with a sufficiently high overall average may be admitted to a postgraduate Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree in the same field; it requires a minimum of one year but may take longer; however, it typically does not exceed two years. Students are required to undertake a long high quality research empirical thesis (Honours Seminar Thesis) combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive degree is essential if a students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) program without the requirement to first complete a Masters degree. Over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus Cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In the province of Quebec, students have to go through a minimum of two years of college before entering, for example, a three-year Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) or a four-year Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) program. As a consequence, there is no de jure honors degree (although some universities market some of their programs as being de facto honors degrees in their English-language materials[citation needed]), but there are some specializations called concentrations in French, which are mostly taken as optional courses. In the province of Ontario, the vast majority of bachelor degrees offered by Ontario universities are academic in nature. On the other hand, Ontario provincial legislation requires bachelor degrees offered by Ontario colleges to be applied and vocationally-focused[13] (usually four years), one can earn a masters degree (another one–two years) while preserving the old five-year specialist scheme. Spain[edit] In Spain the traditional system (up to 2009/2010) was split into three categories of degrees. There were the so-called first-cycle degrees: Diplomado or Ingeniero Técnico, with nominal durations varying between three and four years; there were also second-cycle degrees: Licenciado or Ingeniero with nominal durations varying between four and six years; and finally the third-cycle degrees: Doctor. The official first-cycle degrees are comparable in terms of duration, scope, and educational outcomes to an Anglo-Saxon bachelors degree. Meanwhile the second-cycle degrees are comparable in terms of duration, scope, and educational outcomes to an Anglo-Saxon bachelors + Masters degrees combination if compared with the Anglo-Saxon system. In this traditional system the access to doctoral studies was granted only to the holders of Licenciado or Ingeniero (second-cycle) degrees. Due to the ongoing transition to a model compliant with the Bologna agreement, exact equivalents to the typical Anglo-Saxon bachelors degree and Masters degree are being implemented progressively in Spain. Now there is an undergraduate bachelors degree called Título de Grado (its duration generally being four years), a postgraduate Masters degree called Título de Máster (one or two years), and a doctors degree called Título de Doctor. The Título de Grado is now the prerequisite to access to a master study. The Título de Máster is now the prerequisite to access to doctoral studies. Sweden[edit] The Swedish equivalent of a bachelors degree is called kandidatexamen. It is earned after three years of studies, of which at least a year and a half in the major subject. A thesis of at least 15 ECTS credits must be included in the degree. Previously, there was a Bachelor of Law degree (juris kandidat) which required 4.5 years of study, but this degree now has a new name, juristexamen (law degree). Switzerland[edit] Like Austria and Germany, Switzerland did not have a tradition of bachelors and Masters degrees. In 2003, after the application of the Bologna process, bachelors and graduate Masters degrees replaced the old degrees. As of 1 December 2005 the Rectors Conference of the Swiss Universities granted holders of a lizentiat or diploma the right to use the corresponding master title. As of 2006, certificates of equivalence are issued by the university that issued the original degree. Currently three to four years of study are required to be awarded a bachelors degree. A masters degree will require another two to three years of coursework and a thesis. United Kingdom[edit] The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge are perhaps alone in the United Kingdom today in awarding the BA for all undergraduate degrees. However, on a global scale, many universities over the last hundred years have expanded the range of bachelors degrees enormously, especially in countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, India, and South Africa. This represents a move towards specialization in tertiary education, in which college or university in these countries is intended to be a training for a specific career, and therefore akin to vocational education. It is a departure from the liberal arts approach common in the United States, in which the graduate is versed in a wide variety of subjects in addition to an academic major with the intent they be well prepared to pursue any number of careers or a progression of careers. In England most first degrees not leading to professions (such as law, engineering, medicine) are now assumed to be honours degrees, although ordinary degrees are still awarded to those who do not meet the required pass mark for a third-class honours degree. A full list of British degree abbreviations is also available. England, Wales, and Northern Ireland[edit] Degrees awarded carry designations related to the broad subject areas such as BA, BSc, and BEng. The majority of bachelors degrees are now honors degrees. Until the mid-20th century, some candidates (but not, for example, those at Oxford or Cambridge) would take an ordinary degree and then be selected to go on for a final year for the honours degree. A first degree course is usually three years but it might be reduced to two either by direct second-year entry (for people who have done foundation degrees or changed subject areas or done something similar) or by doing compressed courses (which are being piloted by several newer universities).[22] For funding reasons (funding for undergraduate programs is automatic, while funding for postgraduate programs is not) it is becoming increasingly common to skip the bachelors stage entirely and to go straight to the Masters level on a four-year (five-year if with industrial experience) course (which often shares the first two years with the equivalent bachelors course). Honours degrees are of a superior academic standard. An honours degree is always awarded in one of four classes depending upon the marks gained in the final assessments and examinations. The top students are awarded a first-class degree, the next best, an upper second-class degree (usually referred to as a 2:1), the next a lower second-class degree (usually referred to as a 2:2), and those with the lowest marks gain a third-class degree. An ordinary or unclassified degree (which does not give the graduate the right to add (Hons)) may be awarded if a student has completed the full honours degree course but has not obtained the total required passes sufficient to merit a third-class honours degree. Alternatively a student may be denied honours if he/she has had to retake courses. Main article: British undergraduate degree classification Ordinary degrees are unclassified degrees awarded to all students who have completed the course and obtained sufficient marks to pass the final assessments and examinations. Although ordinary degree courses are often considered to be easier than honours degree courses, this is not always the case, and much depends on the university attended and the subject being studied. Some modern universities offer the opportunity for ordinary degree students to transfer to an honours degree course in the same subject if an acceptable standard is reached after the first or second year of study. The graduateship (post-nominal GCGI) and associateship (post-nominal ACGI - Imperial College) awarded by the City & Guilds of London Institute are mapped to a British honours degree. Scotland[edit] At Scottish universities, undergraduate degrees are differentiated as either Designated Degrees or Honours Degrees. An Honours degree, BA (Hons), (awarded as an MA (Hons) by some universities) for arts and social sciences, or B.Sc. (Hons) for sciences, is awarded for students who have completed four years at university — two years at sub-honours level, studying a variety of different subjects, and two years at honours level studying one subject in depth. Depending on the University and course, the third and fourth years can be divided into junior honours and senior honours while in other cases the final year is simply called the honours year. Each year, students will be given a number of subjects to study, with each subject given a number of credits which can be awarded upon passing that subject. A certain number of credits are required to gain entry into the next year and the amount of credits awarded each year is directly related to the subjects passed that year. As such, it is generally required to pass all subjects in a year to gain entry into the next. It is typical that the grade of the degree will be assessed from the combined grades of both years at honours level, meaning the grades achieved in each subject in these years will account to the final class of degree awarded. Generally the percentage contributed toward the degree class in the final honours year will be much higher than that of the first honours year. Also, sometime in the honour years, a course usually includes a large project or number of projects to be undertaken, such as a Dissertation - although not always the case. A dissertation contributes a large percentage to that years grade as the workload is often viewed as a number of subjects combined and is therefore graded in the same manner. Honours degrees are subdivided into classes depending on the overall grade achieved. These are from highest to lowest; first class, upper second class (2:1), lower second class (2:2), and third class. A designated degree (BA, MA or BSc) is awarded to students who have completed three years at university studying a variety of related subjects. The first two years, sometimes three, of both a designated degree and an honours degree are identical, but candidates for the designated degree study in less depth in their final year and often over a wider variety of subjects. Candidates for the designated degree do not usually complete a dissertation. A Scottish designated degree is different from an English pass degree, even though both are denoted BSc (Bachelor of Science) and are often referred to as ordinary degrees. In keeping with the Scottish broad education philosophy, ordinary degrees (and more rarely honours ones) may mix different disciplines such as sciences and humanities taught in different faculties and in some cases even different universities. UK medical schools[edit] Different universities and/or degrees however may have different processes. For example, the University of St Andrews Bute Medical School traditionally awards medical students a BSc (Hons) after a three-year degree course—one year studying Foundations of Medicine involving basic medicine training, followed by a two-year honours course and dissertation.[23] This is not consistent with the usual four years required to attain such a degree. Medical students at many other UK institutions have the further privilege of obtaining intercalated degrees (see medical school in the United Kingdom); a process which allows participants to obtain an intercalated BSc in a given field after only one year of study. Such programmes are available at most universities and are in place to offer students studying medicine a wider perspective on fields that are often only briefly covered in a medicine course. Students are not automatically eligible to participate. This process in many ways reflects the US system of first obtaining a degree before studying postgraduate medicine. Below, see discussion of the norm for obtaining a degree in medicine and of medical school in the United Kingdom. chelor of Fine Arts degree differs from a Bachelor of Arts degree in that the majority of the program consists of a practical studio component, as contrasted with lecture and discussion classes. A typical BFA program in the United States consists of two-thirds study in the arts, with one-third in more general liberal arts studies. For a BA in Art, the ratio might be reversed. Film and television[edit] The Bachelor of Film and Television (BF&TV) degree is an undergraduate degree for the study of film and/or television production including areas of cinematography, directing, scriptwriting, sound, animation, and typography. Integrated studies[edit] The Bachelor of Integrated Studies (BIS) is an interdisciplinary bachelors degree offered by several universities in the United States and Canada. It allows students to design a customized and specific course of study to best suit their educational and professional objectives. Generally, this degree is sponsored by two or more departments within the university. Schools which confer the BIS degree include the University of Manitoba, Pittsburg State University, University of South Carolina Upstate, Weber State University, Ferris State University, Arizona State University, University of Minnesota, Miami University (Ohio), the University of Virginia, the University of New Brunswick, and Tallinn University of Technology amongst others. Journalism[edit] The Bachelor of Journalism (BAJ, BSJ or BJourn) degree is a professional degree awarded to students who have studied journalism at a four-year accredited university. Not all universities, however, grant this degree. In the United States, schools tend to offer the BA or BS with a major in journalism instead. The worlds oldest school of journalism at the University of Missouri offers a BJ degree, not to be confused with the bachelors degree in jurisprudence at Oxford University. In South Africa, Rhodes University has the oldest school of journalism in Africa and allows students to take a fourth-year specialisation to raise their BAs to BJourn status, equivalent to a B.A. Hons. Landscape architecture[edit] The Bachelor of Landscape Architecture (BLArch) degree is awarded to students who complete the five- (in some countries four-) year course of study in the field. Liberal arts[edit] The Bachelor of Liberal Arts, Bachelor of General Studies, Bachelor of Liberal Studies, Bachelor of Science in general studies, or Bachelor of Applied Studies (BLA, ABL, BGS, BSGS, BAS, or BPS) degree is sometimes awarded to students who major in the liberal arts, in general, or in interdisciplinary studies. The Bachelor of Professional Studies is awarded to students who major in professional career studies. Library science[edit] The Bachelor of Library Science or Bachelor of Library and Information Science (BLS, BLib, or BLIS) degree is sometimes awarded to students who major in library science, although Masters of library science degrees are more common. Music[edit] The Bachelor of Music (BM or BMus) degree is a professional or academic undergraduate degree in music at most conservatories in the US and the UK. It is also commonly awarded at schools of music in large private or public universities. Areas of study typically include music performance, music education, music therapy, music composition, academic fields (music history/musicology, music theory, ethnomusicology), and may include jazz, commercial music, recording technology, sacred music/music ministry, or music business. Small liberal arts colleges and universities without schools of music often award only BAs in music, with different sets of requirements. (see also: BFA) Music education[edit] The Bachelor of Music Education degree (BME) is an academic undergraduate degree in music. Oberlin Conservatory first offered the Bachelor of Music Education degree.[citation needed] Mortuary science[edit] The Bachelor of Mortuary Science (BMS) is a professional undergraduate degree, only awarded by the Cincinnati College of Mortuary Science of Cincinnati, Ohio. It was introduced in 1986 and it is awarded to students that complete 120 semester hours of course work and receive passing scores on the National Board Exam administered by The International Conference of Funeral Service Examining Boards.[27] Philosophy[edit] The Bachelor of Philosophy (BPhil, PhB) degree is either an undergraduate or graduate degree. Generally, it entails independent research or a thesis/capstone project. Psychology[edit] The Bachelor of Arts or Science in Psychology (BAPSY, BSc(Psych)) degree is a degree awarded to students who have completed a course of study in the field of psychology. Courses typically last five years, but may last as long as six. In Nepal there are three- and four-year courses available for higher-level students. Education[edit] The Bachelor of Science in Education degree (BSE, B.S. in Ed) is a four-year undergraduate professional degree offered by many American colleges and universities for those preparing to be licensed as teachers. Variants include the B.Ed., B.A. Ed, B.A.T. (Bachelor of Arts for Teaching), and B.S.T. degrees. Preparation for the M.S. in education, this degree is most often received by those interested in early childhood, elementary level, and special education, or by those planning to be school administrators. Secondary level teachers often major in their subject area instead (i.e., history, chemistry, or mathematics), with a minor in education. Some states require elementary teachers to choose a subject major as well, and minor in education. In Canada, the bachelor of education is a two year professional degree in which students will specialise in either elementary or secondary education, and that is taken after the completion of a three or four year bachelors degree with a major in a teachable subject, such as English, French, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, or a social science. Some universities also offer concurrent, five year programs with student completing both a bachelors degree in arts or science as well as their BEd. The possession of a BEd and a second bachelors degree is required to teach in most public anglophone and francophone schools in Canada. The BEd prepares teachers for completion of either MA (masters of arts) programs in education, MEd (masters of education) programs, or post graduate certificates in education. Science with education[edit] The Bachelor of Science and/with Education degree (BScEd) is a degree awarded to students who complete the four- to five-year course of study in the field of science (major and minor in General Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics) and education. Although notionally B.Sc. and B.Ed. are two degrees, they must be taken together. The graduates will work as science (physics, chemistry, biology) teachers in high schools, as lecturers in pre university colleges and matriculation centers and can progress to postgraduate programs (M.Sc. and Ph.D.) in various areas in science or education. Forestry[edit] The Bachelor of Science in Forestry (B.S.F. or B.Sc.F.) is a degree awarded to students who complete the four-year course of study in the field of forestry. Science[edit] Main article: Bachelor of Science The Bachelor of Science degrees (BS, BSc, SB, ScB, BAAS) along with the Bachelor of Arts degrees are the most common undergraduate degrees given. The Bachelor of Applied Arts and Sciences (BAAS) is an undergraduate degree that bridges academic and work-life experiences. Science in law[edit] The Bachelor of Science in Law degree (BSL) is a special-purpose degree that allows someone who has had some prior studies but has not achieved a bachelors degree to resume his or her education and take up the study of law with the goal of eventually receiving the juris doctor degree. Social sciences[edit] The Bachelor of Social Science (BSocSc) is a three- or four-year undergraduate British degree that enables students to specialize in the area of social science. Compared to the Bachelor of Arts, which allows students to study a vast range of disciplines, the Bachelor of Social Science enables students to develop more central and specialized knowledge of the social sciences. Many universities place the Bachelor of Social Science between the Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science undergraduate degrees. Social work[edit] The Bachelor of Social Work (B.S.W.) degree is a four-year undergraduate degree. Usually the first two years consist of liberal arts courses and the last two years focus on social work classes in human development, policy/law, research, and practice. Programs accredited by the Council on Social Work Education require B.S.W. students to complete a minimum of 400 field education or internship hours. Accredited B.S.W. programs often allow students who are interested in obtaining a Master of Social Work degree to complete the degree in a shorter amount of time or waive courses. In Latin America this is a four to five year degree that can replace liberal arts subjects into health sciences, resulting in social work as a type of community psychology and socioeconomic studies, focused in hospitals, prisons or pedagogy, among others. Technology[edit] The Bachelor of Technology degree (B.Tech) is a three- or four-year undergraduate degree. Generally, the program is comparable to a Bachelor of Science degree program, which is additionally supplemented by either occupational placements (supervised practical or internships) or practice-based classroom courses. Law[edit] The Bachelor of Laws (LLB, LL.B.) is the principal academic degree in law in most common law countries other than the United States, and anglophone Canada, where it has been superseded by the juris doctor (J.D.) degree. Talmudic law[edit] The Bachelor of Talmudic Law degree (BTL) is the degree awarded in most Yeshivas around the United States. Tourism studies[edit] The Bachelor of Tourism Studies (BTS) degree is awarded to those who complete the four- or five-year course of study in tourism, laws regarding tourism, planning and development, marketing, economics, sociology, anthropology, arts and world history (dependent on the country in which one takes the course), ticketing, hospitality, computer applications, and much more. The course would have an interdisciplinary approach with a vast range of units so the tourismologist professional would be able to identify necessary actions toward a sustainable touristic environment focus on local community uniqueness, values and traditions. As tourism is a growing industry, in India there is a lot of opportunity for those who complete this course of study. It is available in select universities of India. Mathematics[edit] The Bachelor of Mathematics or Bachelor of Mathematical Sciences degree (B.Math and BMathSc) is given at the conclusion of a four-year honors program or a three-year general program. Several universities, mostly in Canada and Australia, award such degrees. The usual degree for mathematics in all other countries is the B.S. or the B.Sc. Urban and regional planning[edit] The Bachelor of Urban and Regional Planning (or just Bachelor of Planning) degree (BURP and BA Plan) is a degree offered at some institutions as a four-year professional undergraduate degree in urban planning.It prepares students on how they could be able to develop the society in an organized manner. The course entails the understanding of the society and the people who live in it. Public affairs and policy management[edit] The Bachelor of Public Affairs and Policy Management degree (BPAPM) is a specialized four-year honors degree dedicated to the study of public policy within an interdisciplinary framework. The degree was created as a direct response to the changing nature of civic society and the growing need for university graduates who can work effectively in the new policy environment. See also[edit] Portal icon Education portal College of Europe Degrees of the University of Oxford Graduate school Licensure List of admission tests to colleges and universities Validation of foreign studies and degrees References[edit] Jump up ^
Posted on: Thu, 13 Nov 2014 11:12:03 +0000