EVENT OF AL- GHADEER FROM QURAN AND HADITH.. [SUNNI SOURCES] ======================= The Farewell Pilgrimage ======================= Ten years after the migration, the Messenger of Allah ordered to his close followers to call all the people in different places to join him in his last pilgrimage. On this pilgrimage he taught them how to perform the pilgrimage in a correct and unified form. This was first time that the Muslims with this magnitude gathered in one place in the presence of their leader, the Messenger of Allah. On his way to Mecca, more than seventy thousand people followed Prophet (pbuh&HF). On the fourth day of Dhul-Hajjah more than one hundred thousand Muslims had entered Mecca. ======================== Revelation of Verse 5:67 ======================== On the 18th of Dhul-Hajjah, after completing his last pilgrimage (Hajjatul-Widaa), Prophet was leaving Mecca toward Medina, where he and the crowd of people reached to a place called Ghadir Khum (which is close to todays Juhfah). It was a place where people from different provinces should say Good bye to each other and take different routes for their home. In this place, the following verse was revealed: O Apostle! Deliver what has been sent down to you from your Lord; and if you dont do it, you have not delivered His message (at all); and Allah will protect you from the people ... (Quran 5:67). Some of Sunni references confirming that the revelation of the above verse of Quran was right before the speech of Prophet in Ghadir Khum: (1) Tafsir al-Kabir, by Fakhr al-Razi, under commentary of verse 5:67, v12, pp 49-50, narrated on the authorities of Ibn Abbas, al-Bara Ibn Azib, and Muhammad Ibn Ali. (2) Asbab al-Nuzool, by al-Wahidi, p50, narrated on the authorities of Atiyyah and Abu Said al Khudri. (3) Nuzul al-Quran, by al-Hafiz Abu Nuaym narrated on the authorities Abu Said Khudri and Abu Rafi. (4) al-Fusool al Muhimmah, by Ibn Sabbagh al-Maliki al-Makki, p24 (5) Durr al-Manthur, by al-Hafiz al-Suyuti, under commentary of verse 5:67 (6) Fathul Qadir, by al-Shawkani, under commentary of verse 5:67 (7) Fathul Bayan, by Hasan Khan, under commentary of verse 5:67 (8) Shaykh Muhi al-Din al-Nawawi, under commentary of verse 5:67 (9) al-Sirah al-Halabiyah, by Noor al-Din al-Halabi, v3, p301 (10) Umdatul Qari fi Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari, by al-Ayni (11) Tafsir al-Nisaboori, v6, p194 (12) and many more such as Ibn Mardawayh, etc... The last sentence in the above verse indicates that the Prophet (pbuh&HF) was mindful of the reaction of his people in delivering that message but Allah informs him not to worry, for He will protect His Messenger from people. ========== The Speech ========== Upon receiving the verse, the Prophet (pbuh&HF) stopped on that place (the pond of Khum) which was extremely hot. Then he sent for all people who have been ahead in the way, to come back and waited until all pilgrims who fell behind, arrived and gathered. He ordered Salman (ra) to use rocks and camel toolings to make a pulpit (minbar) so he could make his announcement. It was around noon time in the first of the Fall, and due to the extreme heat in that valley, people were wrapping their robes around their feet and legs, and were sitting around the pulpit, on the hot rocks. On this day the Messenger of Allah spent approximately five hours in this place; three hours of which he was on the pulpit. He recited nearly one hundred verses from The Glorious Quran, and for seventy three times reminded and warned people of their deeds and future. Then he gave them a long speech. The following is a part of his speech which has been widely narrated by the Sunni traditionalists: The Messenger of Allah declared: It seems the time approached when I shall be called away (by Allah) and I shall answer that call. I am leaving for you two precious things and if you adhere both of them, you will never go astray after me. They are the Book of Allah and my progeny, that is my Ahlul-Bayt. The two shall never separate from each other until they come to me by the Pool (of Paradise). Then the Messenger of Allah continued: Do I not have more right over the believers than what they have over themselves? People cried and answered: Yes, O Messenger of God. Then Prophet (pbuh) held up the hand of Ali and said: Whoever I am his leader (Mawla), Ali is his leader (Mawla). O God, love those who love him, and be hostile to those who are hostile to him. Some of the Sunni references: (1) Sahih Tirmidhi, v2, p298, v5, p63 (2) Sunan Ibn Maja, v1, pp 12,43 (3) Khasais, by al-Nisai, pp 4,21 (4) al-Mustadrak, by al-Hakim, v2, p129, v3, pp 109-110,116,371 (5) Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, v1, pp 84,118,119,152,330, v4, pp 281,368,370,372,378, v5, pp 35,347,358,361,366,419 (from 40 chains of narrators) (6) Fadail al-Sahaba, by Ahmad Hanbal, v2, pp 563,572 (7) Majma al-Zawaid, by al-Haythami, v9, p103 (from several transmitters) (8) Tafsir al-Kabir, by Fakhr al-Razi, v12, pp 49-50 (9) Tafsir al-Durr al-Manthur, by al-Hafiz Jalaluddin al-Suyuti, v3, p19 (10) Tarikh al-Khulafa, by al-Suyuti, pp 169,173 (11) al-Bidayah wal-Nihayah, by Ibn Kathir, v3, p213, v5, p208 (12) Usdul Ghabah, by Ibn Athir, v4, p114 (13) Mushkil al-Athar, by al-Tahawi, v2, pp 307-308 (14) Habib al-Siyar, by Mir Khand, v1, part 3, p144 (15) Sawaiq al-Muhriqah, by Ibn Hajar al-Haythami, p26 (16) al-Isabah, by Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, v2, p509; v1, part1, p319, v2, part1, p57, v3, part1, p29, v4, part 1, pp 14,16,143 (17) Tabarani, who narrated from companions such as Ibn Umar, Malik Ibn al-Hawirath, Habashi Ibn Junadah, Jari, Sad Ibn Abi Waqqas, Anas Ibn Malik, Ibn Abbas, Amarah,Buraydah,... (18) Tarikh, by al-Khatib Baghdadi, v8, p290 (19) Hilyatul Awliya, by al-Hafiz Abu Nuaym, v4, p23, v5, pp26-27 (20) al-Istiab, by Ibn Abd al-Barr, Chapter of word ayn (Ali), v2, p462 (21) Kanzul Ummal, by al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, v6, pp 154,397 (22) al-Mirqat, v5, p568 (23) al-Riyad al-Nadirah, by al-Muhib al-Tabari, v2, p172 (24) Dhakair al-Uqba, by al-Muhib al-Tabari, p68 (25) Faydh al-Qadir, by al-Manawi, v6, p217 (26) Yanabi al-Mawaddah, by al-Qudoozi al-Hanafi, p297 ... And hundreds more. Please see part 3 for more classified references (traditionalists, historians, and commentators). The above was just a part of speech of the Prophet (pbuh&HF). For a more detailed speech of the Prophet, please see the end of this part. ======================= Revelation of Verse 5:3 ======================= Immediately after the Prophet (pbuh&HF) finished his speech, the following verse of Holy Quran was revealed: Today I have perfected your religion and completed my bounty upon you, and I was satisfied that Islam be your religion. (Quran 5:3) Some of Sunni references which mentioned the revelation of the above verse of Quran in Ghadir Khum after the speech of the Prophet: (1) al-Durr al-Manthur, by al-Hafiz Jalaluddin al-Suyuti, v3, p19 (2) Tarikh, by Khatib al-Baghdadi, v8, pp 290,596 from Abu Hurayra (3) Manaqaib, by Ibn Maghazali, p19 (4) History of Damascus, Ibn Asakir, v2, p75 (5) al-Itqan, by al-Suyuti, v1, p13 (6) Manaqib, by Khawarazmi al-Hanfi, p80 (7) al-Bidayah wal-Nihayah, by Ibn Kathir, v3, p213 (8) Yanabi al-Mawaddah, by al-Qudoozi al-Hanafi, p115 (9) Nuzul al-Quran, by al-Hafiz Abu Nuaym narrated on the authority Abu Said Khudri. ... and more. The above verse clearly indicates that Islam without clearing up matter of leadership after Prophet was not complete, and completion of religion was due to announcement of Prophets immediate successor. ================== Oath of Allegiance ================== After his speech, the Messenger of Allah asked every body to give the oath of allegiance to Ali (as) and congratulate him. Among those who gave him the oath were Umar, Abu Bakr, and Uthman. It is narrated that Umar and Abu Bakr said: Well done Ibn Abi Talib! Today you became the leader (Mawla) of all believing men and women. Sunni references: (1) Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, v4, p281 (2) Tafsir al-Kabir, by Fakhr al-Razi, v12, pp 49-50 (3) Mishkat al-Masabih, by al-Khatib al-Tabrizi, p557 (4) Habib al-Siyar, by Mir Khand, v1, part3, p144 (5) Kitabul Wilayah, by Ibn Jarir al-Tabari (6) al-Musannaf, by Ibn Abi Shaybah (7) al-Musnad, by Abu Yaala (8) Hadith al-Wilayah, by Ahmad Ibn `Uqdah (9) Tarikh, by Khatib al-Baghdadi, v8, pp 290,596 from AbuHurayra ... and more. =================================== The Number of People in Ghadir Khum =================================== It was Allahs will that an increased popularity is associated with this tradition via the tongs of narrators and over the times. So that there is a standing proof for the guiding Imam (peace be upon him). Allah ordered His Prophet (pbuh&HF) to notify people at a time of crowded populous so that all become the narrators of the tradition, while they exceeded a hundred thousand. Narrated by Zaid Ibn Arqam: Abu al-Tufail said: I heard it from the Messenger of Allah, and there was no one (there) unless he saw him with his eyes and heard him with his ears. Sunni reference: (1) al-Khasais, by al-Nisai, p21; (2) al-Dhahabi said it is sahih (authentic), as said in: (3) History of Ibn Kathir, v5, p208 It is also narrated that: The Messenger of Allah called at the height of his voice. Sunni reference: Manaqib al-Khawarizmi, by al-Khawarizmi, p94 There were with the Messenger (pbuh) from the companions, Arabs, residents around Mecca and Medina one hundred and twenty thousand (120,000) and they are those who were present in the Farewell Pilgrimage and heard this speech. Sunni reference: Manaqib, by Ibn al-Jawzi ========================== Revelation of Verse 70:1-3 ========================== Some Sunni commentators further claim that the first three verse of the chapter of al-Maarij (70:1-3) was revealed when a dispute arose after Prophet [s] reached Medina. It is recorded that: On the day of Ghadir the Messenger of Allah summoned the people toward Ali and said: Ali is the MAWLA of whom I am MAWLA. The news spread quickly all over urban and rural areas. When Harith Ibn Numan al- Fahri (or Nadhr Ibn Harith according to another tradition) came to know of it, he rode his camel and came to Medina and went to the Messenger of Allah (pbuh&HF) and said to him: You commanded us to testify that there is no deity but Allah and that you are the Messenger of Allah. We obeyed you. You ordered us to perform the prayers five times a day and we obeyed. You ordered us to observe fasts during the month of Ramadhan and we obeyed. Then you commanded us to offer pilgrimage to Mecca and we obeyed. But you are not satisfied with all this and you raised your cousin by your hand and imposed him upon us as our master by saying `Ali is the MAWLA of whom I am MAWLA. Is this imposition from Allah or from You? The Prophet [s] said : By Allah who is the only deity! This is from Allah, the Mighty and the Glorious. On hearing this Harith turned back and proceeded towards his she-camel saying: O Allah! If what Muhammad said is correct then fling on us a stone from the sky and subject us to severe pain and torture. He had not reached his she-camel when Allah, who is above all defects flung at him a stone which struck him on his head, penetrated his body and passed out through his lower body and left him dead. It was on this occasion that Allah, the exalted, caused to descend the following verses: A questioner questioned about the punishment to fall. For the disbelievers there is nothing to avert it, from Allah the Lord of the Ascent. (70:1-3) Sunni references: (1) Tafsir al-Thalabi, by Ishaq al-Thalabi, commentary of verse 70:1-3 from two chain of narrators. (2) Noor al-Absar, by Shablanji, p4 (3) al-Fusool al-Muhimmah, by Ibn Sabbagh al-Maliki al-Makki, p25 (4) al-Sirah al-Halabiyah, by Noor al-Din al-Halabi, v2, p214 (5) Arjah al-Matalib (6) Nazhat al-Mujalis from al-Qurtubi ==================================================== The events that Imam Ali (as) reminded the Tradition ==================================================== Imam Ali (as), in person, reminded others who witnessed the event of Ghadir and the tradition of the Messenger of Allah; these are some of the events: - On the day of Shura (Election Day for Uthman) - During the days of Uthmans rule - The Day of Rahbah (year 35) where 24 companions stood up and swore that they attended and heard the tradition of the Prophet (pbuh) first hand, twelve of whom were the warriors of Badr. - The Day of Jamal (the War of Camel, year 36) where he reminded Talha. - The Day of the Riders where 9 witnesses testified. About the Battle of Camel, al-Hakim and Ahmad Ibn Hanbal and others recorded that: We were in the camp of Ali on the day of Battle of Camel, where Ali sent for Talha to talk to him (before the beginning of war). Talha came forward, and Ali told him: I adjure you by Allah! Didnt you hear the Messenger of Allah (pbuh&HF) when he said: `Whoever I am his MAWLA, this Ali is his MAWLA. O God, love whoever loves him, and be hostile to whoever is hostile to him? Talha replied: Yes. Ali said: Then why do you want to fight me? Sunni reference: - al-Mustadrak, by al-Hakim, v3, pp 169,371 - Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, on the authority of Ilyas al-Dhabbi - Muruj al-Dhahab, by al-Masudi, v4, p321 - Majma al-Zawaid, by al-Haythami, v9, p107 Ahmad Ibn Hanbal recorded in his Musnad that: Abu Tufayl narrated that He (Ali) gathered the people in the plain of Rahbah (on year 35 AH) and adjured in the name of Allah every Muslim male present there who had heard the proclamation of al-Ghadir from the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) to stand up and testify what they had heard from the Messenger on the Day of Ghadir. Thereupon thirty (30) men stood up and gave evidence that the Prophet grasped Alis hand and said to the audience: He (Ali) has superior authority over those who believe me to have superiority over their lives. O Allah! Love him who loves him and hate him who hates him. Abu Tufayl says that it was in a state of great mental agitation that he left the plain of Rahbah, for the Muslim masses had not complied with the tradition. He therefore called on Zaid Ibn Arqam and told him what he heard from Ali. Zaid told him not to entertain any doubt about it for he himself had heard the Messenger of Allah uttering those words. Sunni reference: Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, v4, p370 also: Abd al-Rahman Ibn Abu Laylah said: I witnessed Ali administering an oath to the people in the plain of Rahbah. Ali said: I adjure those of you in the name of Allah who heard the Messenger of Allah on the day of Ghadir saying `Ali is the Mawla of whom I am Mawla to stand up and to testify. He who was not an eyewitness doesnt need to stand up. Thereupon twelve (12) such companions who had participated in the Battle of Badr stood up. The occasion is still fresh in my memory. Sunni references: - Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, v1, p119, see also v5, p366 - Khasais, by al-Nisai, pp 21,103, narrated similar to above on the authority of three others: Umayah Ibn Sad, Zaid Ibn yathigh, and Said Ibn Wahab. It is also recorded that: When Ali said to Anas: Why dont you stand up and testify what you heard from the Messenger of Allah on the day of Ghadir? He answered, O Amir al-Mumineen! I have grown old and do not remember. Thereupon Ali said: May Allah mark you with a white spot (of leprosy; Alphosis) unconcealable with your turban, if you are intentionally with holding the truth. And before Anas got up from his place he bore a large white spot on his face, Thereafter Anas used to say, I am under the curse of the righteous servant of Allah. Sunni references: (1) al-Maarif, by Ibn Qutaybah, p14, in the account of Anas among disabled persons. (2) Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, v1, p199, where he testifies to the above anecdote, as he says : All stood up except three persons who came under the curse of Ali. (3) Hilyatul Awliya, by Abu Nuaym, v5, p27..@.$
Posted on: Tue, 22 Oct 2013 17:00:29 +0000
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