In the drilling activity itself there are five systems are very important in the smooth running of the drilling process, namely: Power Systems (Power Systems) Consists of power supply equipments, generated by machines - a large machine known as the prime mover and distribution equipments. Serves to support the course of drilling activities. The use of prime mover power is determined by the magnitude of the wells based on the program and the depth of the well casing. Lift Systems (Hoisting System) The main function of this system is to provide sufficient working space for removal and decreased range of drill pipe and other equipment. The lift system consists of two main parts, namely: Supporting Structure (Rig) Construction of the tower is placed over the drill point. Its main function as a buffer equipment - drilling equipment and provide adequate space for drilling operations. Consists of drilling tower, sub-structure, and the rig floor. Drilling tower serves to get enough vertical space to raise and lower the drill pipe and casing series into the wellbore during operations pengeborang underway. There are three types of drilling tower, namely: 1 Conventional Standard Derrick 2 Portable Skid Mast 3 Mobile or Treiler Mast Mounted Type Substructure is of steel frame construction as a platform that is mounted directly above the drill point. High rig substructure is determined by the type and height of blow out preventer stack. Placed above the rig floor substructure. Serves to accommodate the equipment - small drilling equipment, the establishment of the tower, mendudukan drawwork, workplace driller, and rotary helper. The composition of drill floor consists of: 1 Rotary Table (rotate the drill pipe series) 2 Rotary Drive (continued power of drawwork to the turntable) 3 Drawwork (hoisting mechanisme on rotary drilling rigs) 4. Drilles Console (center drilling rig instrumentation) 5. Make Up and Break Out Tongs (junction or release drill pipe and drill collar) 6 Mouse Hole (where the drill pipe is laid when switching performed at Kelly and drill pipes series) 7 Rat Hole (where Kelly placed during the tidal pull the pipe) 8 Dog House (a small house used as a driller workspace and storage - small tools) 9 Pipe Ramp (the bridge between the catwalk to the rig floor) 10 Catwalk (to keep the pipe to be pulled through the pipe to the drill floor ramp) 11. Hydraulic cathead (to connect and disconnect when mounted drill pipe or drill collars will be added or subtracted from the drill stem at the time of the tripping into or out of the well bore) To measure the importance of drilling tower is capacity, height, floor area and height of the drill floor. Hoisting Equipments, consisting of: 1 Drawwork The brains of the derrick or a drilling unit, where a driller perform and regulate drilling operations. Drawwork usually associated with the prime mover and placed near the turntable. 2 Overhead Tools A series set of equipment consisting of a crown block, traveling block, hook, and elevators 3 Drilling Line Consists of dead line, fast line, drilling line, supply, and dead line anchor. Used to hold the load on the hook. Made of steel wire are small and arranged into a coil. This coil consists of six sets and the central part of the core. Usually this line drilling is used less than sixty days, if it is feared more than drilling line would break and cause an accident. Playback System (Rotary System) Its main function is to play a series of drill pipe and also objected on the chisel to members of a formation. Consists of: Rotary Table Mounted on the drill floor to the traveling block upright position, the middle there is a hole where the master bushing installed. Master Bushing Also called pads and bowl contained therein. Kelly Bushing Uniting with pin drive master bushing. When Kelly bushing is above the master bushing, drive pins into the pin hole. Kelly Is a series of drill pipe which forms the outer top can be rectangular, triangle, and hexagon. This is to facilitate the rotary table rotate Kelly. Kelly Kelly can be inserted into the bushing. swivel The top end of the drill pipe circuit. Serve to provide freedom to rotate the drill pipe, providing a mix of vertical motion with rotating movement can work together - together, connecting rotary hose with Kelly. Drill Pipe Drill pipe is the longest series of drill pipe (maximum of drill pipe in the series), its function is to connect with Kelly drill collar and the drill bit at the bottom of the borehole, providing a long series drill pipe, drill bits allow the rise and fall, forward rotation of the turntable to the drill table, continuing the flow of drilling mud from the swivel to the drill bit. There are two main types of drill pipe, namely: 1 Standard Drill Pipe (used on the top surface to the drill collar) 2 Heavy Weight Drill Pipe (used in special conditions) Drill pipe also has three different range, whose function is to simplify ordering and installation. Three range consists of: 1 (18-22) feet 2 (27-30) feet 3 (> 34) feet Drill pipe at stuff on the 76 production year, nominal unit weight pounds per feet. Divided into the box, body, pin, and protector. Thread size pin itself must be measured and the same, in order to get into the box when installed. There are 6 types of trade on the drill pipe, namely: 1 High Full 2 Full Hole 3 Wide Open 4. Slim Hole 5. Regular Hole 6 H 90 In addition, each - each drill pipe has a different color (color code) in the box drill pipe. The color coding indicates the number of times the drill pipe has been used. Color codes on the drill pipe are: 1 1-2 (yellow) 2 3-4 (green) 3. 4-5 (red) Drill Collar Shaped like a drill pipe but smaller inside diameter and outside diameter equal to the outer diameter tool joint DP. So the DC wall thicker than DP. Placed at the bottom of a series of drill pipe above the drill bit. Its main function as ballast, making a series of drill pipe rotation is stable, reinforce the bottom of a series of drill pipe. There are three types of drill collar that is: 1 Standard Drill Collar 2 spiraled Drill Collar 3 Zipped Drill Collar eyes Drill It is the end of a series of drill pipe direct touch with the formation and function of destroying penetrate the formation. Type - the type of drill bit that is: 1 Drag Bit (has wheels that can be moved and a member of the rake style blandeznya) 2 Roller - Cone Bits (bits that have a cone that can rotate to crush rocks) 3 Diamond Bit (rock drill based etching of the grain - grain diamond mounted on an iron matrix. System Circulation (Circulation System) Composed by four main sub-components, namely: Drilling Fluid (Mud Drilling) Drilling mud was initially serves as a carrier of cutting from the bottom surface to the drill hole. Drilling mud has an important function in the drilling operations, among others: 1 Lifting cutting into the surface 2 Controlling the formation pressure 3 Cooling and lubricate the bit and drill string 4 Giving the borehole wall with mud cake 5. Resist cutting when circulation is stopped 6 Reduce part weight drill pipe series 7 Remove the cutting and sand on the surface 8 Getting information (mud logging, sample log) 9 As the media logging Preparation Area Placed at the start of the circulation of the mud, the mud near the pump, consisting of equipment - equipment that is set up to facilitate the preparation or drilling mud treatment which includes mud house, steel mud pits, mixing hopper, chemical mixing barrels, water tanks, and reserve pit . circulating Equipment Serves the mud from the mud pit to a series of nail drill pipe and drill into the annulus bring powder to the surface leading to the solid control equipments, before returning to the mud pits to be re-circulated. The crockery is made up of the mud pit, mud pump, pump discharge and return line, stand pipe, and rotary hose. Solid Control Equipment Placed near the rig. Consists of equipment - specialized equipment used to clean up after the drilling mud out of the drill hole. Its main function is to separate the mud from the cutting and entrained gas. Wild Shot of Prevention System (BOP System) Component - the component of blow out prevention system consists of: BOP Stack Wild bursts (Blow out) is the event of the formation fluid flow in the well is not controlled. This incident was preceded by the entry of formation fluid into the wellbore (well kick). The cause of the kick well is because the pressure within the borehole (hydrostatic pressure) is smaller than the formation pressure, which is caused by: 1 drill hole is not filled 2 swabbing during trip 3 Mud less severe 4 Loss Circulation Every kick must be preceded by a sign - a sign on the surface. Sign - a sign of the kick is as follows: 1 Drilling Break (sudden increase in drilling speed) 2 The increase in mud flow rate 3 The volume of sludge in the tank increases 4. density mud down 5. Stroke increased pumping mud 6. mud circulation pressure drop 7 Gas cut mud Wild bursts prevention devices placed at the head of the casing below the rotary table on the drill floor. BOP stack (equipment with high-pressure valve is designed to withstand the pressure of the wellbore in the event of a kick) meiputi: 1 Annular Preventer Is at the top of the BOP stack arrangement. Contains rubber packing elements that you can close the hole in the annulus either empty or there is a series of drill. The greater the pressure from below the closing meeting. 2 Pipe Ram Preventer Closing the drill holes at the time were a series of drill pipe in the hole. Pipe ram preventer has three different types, namely: a. Ram pipe (closed pipe wells if there is a certain size) b. Blind Ram (shut down wells if there are no pipes in it) c. Shear Ram (closing the well in the event of a kick to cut the pipe that is in it) 3 Drilling Spool Located between preventers. Serves as the installation of a choke line and the kill line. 4 Blind Ram Preventer 5. Casing Head An additional tool at the top of the casing which serves as the foundation of the BOP stack. Accumulator Placed at a distance of about a hundred meters from the rig, working on the BOP stack with high pressure hydraulis. At the time of the kick, the crew can quickly close the blow out preventer with a switch or remote control on the accumulator on the panel located on the drill floor. This unit is run by the time the crew had left the drill floor. supporting System In addition to the two issues above, there is a supporting system to blow out prevention system, namely: 1 Choke Manifold Work on the BOP stack with high pressure line called choke line. Help keep the back pressure in the borehole to prevent the intrusion of formation fluid. 2 Kill Line Working with the BOP stack, heavy mud pumped through the kill line into the drilling mud to mud hydrostatic pressure can be offset formation.
Posted on: Thu, 21 Aug 2014 10:27:42 +0000
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