List of coffee varieties From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2008) This article needs attention from an expert on the subject. (March 2008) Main article: Coffee Map of coffee bean production: r for C. robusta, a for C.arabica, and m for both species List and origin of arabica varieties PDF,TIF Coffee varieties are the diverse cultivars derived through selective breeding or natural selection of coffee plants. Coffee beans from different places may have distinctive characteristics such as flavor (flavor criteria include terms such as citrus-like or earthy), caffeine content, body or mouthfeel, and acidity. These reflect the local environment where the coffee plants are grown, their method of process, and the genetic subspecies. In this sense, coffee can be considered similar to wine, which also demonstrates clear regional variation. Coffee from a single geographical location is called single-origin. Contents [hide] 1 Terminology 2 Arabica varieties 3 Robusta varieties 4 Other varieties 4.1 Production 5 References Terminology[edit] Variety, varietal and cultivar have been used to refer to the various forms of coffee grown around the world. Cultivar, selections and forms of cultivated plants; it must be visually distinct from other cultivars, and it must be possible to propagate it reliably. Variety a more common and more popular term for cultivar, especially in wine. Varietal is a wine made from or belonging to a single specified variety of grape. The coffee industry has somewhat adopted this term, but instead of using it to refer to a coffee of a specific variety or cultivar (e.g., Bourbon coffee), it is used in the place of the term variety or cultivar. Arabica varieties[edit] This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2010) Coffee from the species Coffea arabica are considered to have richer flavor than Coffea robusta. C. arabica has many different varieties, each with unique characteristics. Some well-known arabica coffees include: Variety Arabica Region(s) Comments Ref Arusha Arabica Mount Meru in Tanzania, and Papua New Guinea either a Typica variety or a French Mission. [1] Bergendal, Sidikalang Arabica Indonesia Both are Typica varieties which survived the Leaf Rust Outbreak of the 1880s; most of the other Typica in Indonesia was destroyed. Blue Mountain Arabica Blue Mountains region of Jamaica. Also grown in Kenya, Hawaii, Haiti, Papua New Guinea (where it is known as PNG Gold) and Cameroon (where it is known as Boyo). A unique mutation of Typica. Bourbon Arabica Réunion, Rwanda, Latin America. Around 1708 the French planted coffee on the island of Bourbon (now called Réunion) in the middle of the Indian Ocean, all probably from the same parent stock – the plant the Dutch gave them. Unsurprisingly, it mutated slightly and was planted throughout Brazil in the late 1800s and eventually spread through Latin America. Bourbon produces 20–30% more fruit than Typica varieties. El Salvador is known as the Bourbon Country. Catuai Arabica Latin America This is a hybrid of Mundo Novo and Caturra bred in Brazil in the late 40s.[2] Caturra Arabica Latin and Central America This is a mutation of the Bourbon variety, found near the town of Caturra, Brazil in the 1930s. It produces a higher yield than Bourbon, and this is generally due to the plant being shorter and with less distance between the branches. A relatively recently selected botanical variety of the Coffea arabica species that generally matures more quickly, produces more coffee, and is more disease resistant than older, traditional arabica varieties.[3] In fact this mutation is not unique; it led to the formation of the Pacas variety in El Salvador (from Bourbon) and the Villa Sarchi in Costa Rica (from Bourbon). Genetically it is very similar to Bourbon although it usually produces a poorer cup quality but this is mainly due to the variety yielding more.[2] Charrieriana Arabica? Cameroon This is a newly found variety from Cameroon. It has gained some press recently due to its caffeine-free nature. Not yet grown commercially, but it probably will be.[4] Colombian Arabica Colombia Coffee was first introduced to the country of Colombia in the early 1800s. Today Maragogype, Caturra, Typica and Bourbon cultivars are grown. When Colombian coffee is freshly roasted it has a bright acidity, is heavy in body and is intensely aromatic. Colombia accounts for about 12% of the coffee market (by value) in the world, third in volume after Vietnam and Brazil. Ethiopian Harar Arabica Ethiopia From the region of Harar, Ethiopia. Known for its complex, fruity flavor that resembles a dry red wine. All three Ethiopian varieties are trademarked names with the rights owned by Ethiopia. Ethiopian Sidamo Arabica Ethiopia From the Sidamo (now Oromia) region of Ethiopia as well. All three Ethiopian varieties are trademarked names with the rights owned by Ethiopia. Ethiopian Yirgacheffe Arabica Ethiopia From the Yirgachefe district in the Gedeo Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region of Ethiopia. All three Ethiopian varieties are trademarked names with the rights owned by Ethiopia.[5] French Mission Arabica Africa French Mission is actually Bourbon that was planted in East Africa by French Missionaries around 1897.[6] Gesha / Geisha T.2722 Arabica Ethiopia, Tanzania, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Peru Gesha or Geisha variety, grown in the highlands of Boquete in Chiriquí Province, Panama, highly sought after at auction, achieving high prices. Originally from the village of Gesha, Ethiopia. It was planted in the 1950s as a rust resistant crop and rediscovered in the early 2000s. The most expensive varietal at coffee auctions, fetching $170USD in 2010.[7] Guadeloupe Bonifieur Arabica Guadeloupe [8] Hawaiian Kona Arabica Hawaii Grown on the slopes of Hualalai in the Kona District on the Big Island of Hawaii. Coffee was first introduced to the Islands by Chief Boki, the Governor of Oahu, in 1825. Java Arabica, Robusta and interspecific hybrids Indonesia From the island of Java, in Indonesia. This coffee was once so widely traded that java became a slang term for coffee. Java encompasses a regional style, not a cultivar of coffee. K7 Arabica Africa A Kenyan selection of French Mission Bourbon selected at Legelet Estate in Muhoroni, Kenya. Selected based on cupping trials. Maragogype Arabica Latin America Maragogype (y) is considered to be a natural mutation from Typica. It was first discovered near Maragogipe (i), in Brazils state Bahia. Maragogype is well known for producing big beans. Mayagüez Arabica Africa A Bourbon cultivar grown in Rwanda. Mocha Arabica Yemen Yemeni coffee traded through the once major port of Mocha. Not to be confused with the preparation style (coffee with cocoa). Mundo Novo Arabica Latin America Mundo Novo is a hybrid between Bourbon and Typica, crossed in the 1940s. Orange, Yellow Bourbon Arabica Latin America Red Bourbon and Orange Bourbon are types of Bourbon that have been selected from spontaneous mutation. Pacamara Arabica Latin America Pacamara is a hybrid between the Bourbon mutation Pacas and Maragogype. It was bred in El Salvador in 1958 probably to achieve a Typica variety that produces larger beans. Pacas Arabica Latin America A natural mutation of the Bourbon variety found in El Salvador in 1949. Pache Colis Arabica Latin America Pache Colis is a hybrid between Pache Comum and Caturra. This variety produces distinctly larger fruit and roughly textured foliage. Pache Comum Arabica Latin America Is a mutation of Typica first found in Santa Rosa, Guatemala. Ruiru 11 Arabica Kenya Ruiru 11 was released in 1985 by the Kenyan Coffee Research Station. While the variety is generally disease resistant, it produces a lower cup quality than K7[disambiguation needed], SL28 and 34.[9] S795 Arabica India, Indonesia Probably the most commonly planted Arabica in India and Southeast Asia,[10] known for its balanced cup and subtle flavour notes of mocca. Released during the 1940s, it is a cross between the Kents and S.288 varieties.[10] Santos Arabica Brazil Brazil Santos is usually used as a grading term for Brazilian coffee rather than a variety of Arabica. The name refers to the port in Brazil where coffee passed through, and was regarded as higher quality than Brazilian coffee. Brazilian Santos is usually of the Bourbon variety. Sarchimor Interspecific hybrid Costa Rica, India A hybrid between the Costa Rican Villa Sarchi and the Timor variety. Because of its Timor parent, Sarchimor is quite resistant to leaf rust disease and stem borer. As well as Costa Rica, it is grown in India. SL28 Arabica Kenya A selection, by Scott Labs in Kenya from the Tanganyika Drought Resistant variety from northern Tanzania in 1931. Excellent flavour, commonly blackcurrant acidity.[6] SL34 Arabica Kenya Selected by Scott Labs from the French Mission variety grown in Kenya. Selected for its superior cup quality (although inferior to SL28), but not resistant to CBD, CLR or BBC. Sulawesi Toraja Kalossi Arabica Indonesia Actually the S795 varietal, grown at high altitudes on the island of Sulawesi (formerly Celebes), Indonesia. Kalossi is the small town in central Sulawesi which serves as the collection point for the coffee and Toraja is the mountainous area in which the coffee is grown. Sulawesi exhibits a rich, full body, well-balanced acidity and is multi-dimensional in character. Sulawesi itself is not a cultivar of coffee. Sumatra Mandheling and Sumatra Lintong Arabica Indonesia Mandheling is named after the similarly spelled Mandailing people located in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The name is the result of a misunderstanding by the first foreign purchaser of the variety, and no coffee is actually produced in the Mandailing region. Lintong on the other hand, is named after the Lintong district, also located in North Sumatra. This is not a specific cultivar, but rather a region with a specific processing style. Timor, Arabusta Interspecific hybrid Indonesia Timor is not actually a variety of coffea arabica, but a hybrid of two species of coffee; coffea arabica and coffea canephora (also called Robusta). It was found on the island of Timor around the 1940s and it was cultivated because of its resistance to leaf rust (which most arabica coffee is susceptible to). It is called Hybrido de Timor in the Americas and Tim Tim or Bor Bor in Indonesia. Another hybrid between the two species is called Arabusta but generally only found in Africa. Typica Arabica Worldwide Typica originated from Yemeni stock, taken first to Malabar, India, and later to Indonesia by the Dutch. It later made its way to the West Indies to the French colony at Martinique. Typica has genetically evolved to produce new characteristics, often considered new varietals: Criollo (South America), Arabigo (Americas), Kona (Hawaii), Pluma Hidalgo (Mexico), Garundang (Sumatra), Jamaica Blue Mountain (Jamaica), San Bernado & San Ramon (Brazil), Kents & Chickumalgu (India) Uganda Arabica/Robusta Although it mostly produces Robusta coffee, there is a quality Arabica bean grown there known as Bugishu around the Sipi Falls area.[citation needed] Robusta varieties[edit] While not separate varieties of bean, unusual and very expensive robustas are the Indonesian Kopi Luwak and the Philippine Kape Alamid[11]. The beans are collected from the droppings of the Common Palm Civet, whose digestive processes give it a distinctive flavor. Unroasted coffee beans of the Robusta variety (Coffea canephora) In Northern Sumatra you have the Mussang which diets on the local Arabica coffees. Vietnam is the worlds largest Robusta producer, with Robusta accounting for 97% of Vietnams coffee output.[12] Other varieties[edit] Although not as popular as Arabica or Robusta, other varieties of coffee also exist. these include Kape Barako or Kape Baraco, (English: Barako coffee), a Liberica. variety grown in the Philippines, particularly in the provinces of Batangas and Cavite. Production[edit] Top Ten green coffee Producers — 11 June 2008 Country Production (Tonnes) Footnote Brazil 17 000 000 Vietnam 15 580 000 * Colombia 9 400 000 F Indonesia 2 770 554 * Ethiopia 1 705 446 * Mexico 962 000 F India 954 000 F Peru 677 000 Guatemala 568 000 F Honduras 370 000 F World 7 742 675 A No symbol = official figure, P = official figure, F = FAO estimate, * = Unofficial/Semi-official/mirror data, C = Calculated figure A = Aggregate (may include official, semi-official or estimates); Source: Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division
Posted on: Thu, 13 Nov 2014 10:59:15 +0000
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