#OGLA - Oral Glucose-Lowering Agents (#DIABETES) #Biguanides -Metformin (Glucophage) -Metformin liquid ( Riomet) -Metformin extended release (Glucophage XR, Fortamet, Glumetza) *HOW TO TAKE -Metformin: Usually taken twice a day with breakfast and evening meal. -Metformin extended release: Usually taken once a day in the morning. *HOW THEY WORK -Decreases amount of glucose released from liver. *SIDE EFFECTS Bloating, gas, diarrhea, upset stomach, loss of appetite (usually within the first few weeks of starting). Take with food to minimize symptoms. Metformin is not likely to cause low blood glucose. In rare cases, lactic acidosis may occur in people with abnormal kidney or liver function. #IMPORTANT Always tell healthcare providers that it may need to be stopped when you are having a dye study or surgical procedure. #Sulfonylureas -Glimepiride (Amaryl) -Glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase) -Glipizide (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL) -Micronized glyburide (Glynase) *HOW TO TAKE: Take with a meal once or twice a day. *HOW THEY WORK: Stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin, both right after a meal and then over several hours *SIDE EFFECTS: Low blood glucose, occasional skin rash, irritability, upset stomach #IMPORTANT! -Because these medicines can cause low blood glucose, always carry a source of carbohydrate with you. -Follow your meal plan and activity program. Call your healthcare provider if your blood glucose levels are consistently low. If there is an increase in your activity level or reduction in your weight or calorie intake, the dose may need to be lowered. #Meglitinides -Repaglinide (Prandin) -D-Phenylalanine Derivatives -Nateglinide (Starlix) *HOW TO TAKE: Both of these medications should be taken with meals. If you skip a meal, skip the dose. *HOW THEY WORK* Stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin right after a meal. *SIDE EFFECTS: Effects diminish quickly and they must be taken with each meal; may cause low blood glucose. #IMPORTANT! These work quickly when taken with meals to reduce high blood glucose levels. However, they are less likely than sulfonylureas to cause low blood glucose. #Thiazolidinediones #Pioglitazone (TZDs) -Pioglitazone (Actos) *HOW TO TAKE: Usually taken once a day; take at the same time each day. *HOW THEY WORK* Makes the body more sensitive to the effects of insulin. *SIDE EFFECTS: -May cause side effects such as swelling (edema) or fluid retention. -Do not cause low blood sugar when used alone. -Increased risk of congestive heart failure in those at risk. #IMPORTANT! Increases the amount of glucose taken up by muscle cells and keeps the liver from overproducing glucose; may improve blood fat levels. Talk with your healthcare provider if you have the following symptoms: nausea, vomiting, fatigue, loss of appetite, shortness of breath, severe edema or dark urine. #DPP4Inhibitors -Sitagliptin (Januvia) -Saxagliptin (Onglyza) -Linagliptin ( Tradjenta) *HOW TO TAKE: Take once a day at the same time each day. *HOW THEY WORK* Improves insulin level after a meal and lowers the amount of glucose made by your body. *SIDE EFFECTS Stomach discomfort, diarrhea, sore throat, stuffy nose, upper respiratory infection. They do not cause low blood glucose. #IMPORTANT! Can be taken alone or with metformin, a sulfonylurea or Actos. Tell your healthcare provider if you have any side effects that bother you or that don’t go away. #AlphaglucosidaseInhibitors -Acarbose (Precose) -Miglitol (Glyset) *HOW TO TAKE* Take with first bite of the meal; if not eating, do not take *HOW THEY WORK* Slows the absorption of carbohydrate into your bloodstream after eating. *SIDE EFFECTS Gas, diarrhea, upset stomach, abdominal pain #IMPORTANT! Take with meals, to limit the rise of blood glucose that can occur after meals; these do not cause low blood glucose. Side effects should go away after a few weeks. If not, call your healthcare provider. #BileAcidSequestrants -Colesevelam (Welchol) *HOW TO TAKE: Take once or twice a day with a meal and liquid. *HOW THEY WORK*: Works with other diabetes medications to lower blood glucose. *SIDE EFFECTS: Constipation, nausea, diarrhea, gas, heartburn, headache (may interact with glyburide, levothyroxine and contraceptives) #IMPORTANT! Primary effect, when used either alone or with a statin, is to lower LDL cholesterol; has blood glucose-lowering effect when taken in combination with certain diabetes medications. Before taking this medication, tell your healthcare provider if you have high triglycerides (blood fats) or stomach problems. If you take thyroid medication or glyburide, take them 4 hours before taking Welchol. Tell your healthcare provider if you have side effects that bother you or that don’t go away. #CombinationPills -Pioglitazone & metformin) (Actoplus Met) -Glyburide & metformin (Glucovance) -Glipizide & metformin (Metaglip) -Sitagliptin & metformin (Janumet) -Saxagliptin & metformin (kombiglyze ) -Repaglinide & metformin (Prandimet) -Pioglitazone & glimepiride (Duetact) *HOW TO TAKE: Usually taken once a day. *HOW THEY WORK: Combines the actions of each pill used in the combination. *SIDE EFFECTS: -Side effects are the same as those of each pill used in the combination. -Some combination pills may lead to low blood glucose levels if one of the medications contained in the combination has this effect. #IMPORTANT! May decrease the number of pills you need to take. Scientists are working to improve the variety of medications to treat type 2 Diabetes. There has been great achievement lately and we believe soon we will all say “I used to have Diabetes” Let’s keep up the good fight, Take Medication as prescribed, Exercise well and take note of your Diets. We love you. #DMRC #SUPPORTDIABETESAWARENESS
Posted on: Wed, 10 Sep 2014 11:58:49 +0000
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