Section: Turning points of the century 16th century Year 1561 January 31 – The Edict of Orleans suspends the persecution of the Huguenots in France. March 1 – Kingston Grammar School is founded in England. April 14 – The citizens of Nuremberg see what appears to be an aerial battle followed by the appearance of a large black triangular object and a large crash (with smoke) outside the city. A news notice (an early form of newspaper) is printed on (April 14) describing the event. May 8 – Madrid is declared the capital of Spain by Philip II. June 4 – Old St Pauls Cathedral in the City of London is badly damaged by fire and the spire is destroyed after being struck by lightning. The spire is not rebuilt. June 6 – Sweden conquers Livonia (modern Estonia). June 25 – #Francis Coxe, an English astrologer, is pilloried at Cheapside in London and makes a public confession of his involvement in sinistral and divelysh artes. June 29 – Erik XIV is crowned King of Sweden. July – Killing of the hated encomendero Pedro de Avendaño and two other Spaniards triggered the Second Great Rebellion of the Mapuche in the Arauco War. July 12 – Saint Basils Cathedral in Moscow (started in 1534) is finished. August – #English merchant Anthony #Jenkinson arrives in Moscow on his second expedition to the #Grand #Duchy of Moscow. August 19 – Mary, Queen of Scots, is denied passage through England after returning from #France. She arrives at Leith, Scotland on August 19. September – The Protestant reformer John Knox has a three-day debate in Maybole, Ayrshire, Scotland with Quintin Kennedy, commendator of Crossraguel Abbey, on transubstantiation. The result is inconclusive but Kennedy is fighting a losing battle against the Reformation, which had been confirmed by the Scottish government in 1560. October 18 – Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima: Takeda Shingen defeats #Uesugi Kenshin in the climax of their ongoing conflicts.
Posted on: Fri, 12 Dec 2014 12:58:44 +0000
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