Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation 3. Sector Analysis: Economic and Financial Developments According to the IMF Country Staff Report No. 08/ 249, a Second Review Under the Three-Year Arrangement Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility: Performance under the Fund-supported program was mixed. Output growth was strong at 6.8 percent and broad-based, but key fiscal revenue and spending objectives were missed and progress on the structural reform front was slow. Significant revenue shortfalls in the second half of 2006 (0.7 percent of GDP) and 2007 (2.4 percent of GDP) derailed the PRGF arrangement. Comprehensive progress proved difficult during the general elections, which were completed in September 2007. The authorities’ program for 2008 aims to: (i) mobilize more domestic revenue; (ii) reorient public spending to infrastructure projects and poverty-reducing programs; (iii) prevent rapid accumulation of public debt; and (iv) accelerate implementation of structural reforms. A key challenge for the authorities is to preserve the integrity and credibility of the 2008 budget amid rising social pressures stemming from the surging world fuel and food prices and a potential contingent liability related to provision of fuel to an independent power provider (IPP). They are appropriately focusing on strengthening expenditure commitment controls and taking steps to shield the budget by renegotiating the contract with the IPP and seeking donor financing if needed. The structural reform agenda is being revitalized to sustain growth in order to progress toward the MDGs. Key reform areas include public financial management, governance, and the financial sector. Risks to the program remain - notably the surging world oil and food prices and delays in budget support if donors’ concerns about transparency and accountability are not adequately addressed, but these should be manageable. Staff recommends completion of the second review and supports the request for waivers, and an extension of the PRGF arrangement ( imf.org/ external/pubs/ft/scr/2008/cr08249.pdf ). 5 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation 4. Program Objectives and Policies Key medium-term objectives of the PRGF-supported program have been revised. Real GDP growth is projected to be slightly lower but still strong at 6 percent, and double-digit inflation is expected to linger beyond 2010, assuming lagged spillovers from higher food and energy prices. Sierra Leone: Medium-Term Macroeconomic Indicators, 2006-10 (Percent of GDP, unless otherwise indicated) The policy objectives for 2008 are to consolidate macroeconomic stabilization and prepare for sustained high growth over the medium term. The macroeconomic framework for 2008 foresees real GDP growth of 6 percent, based on further expansion of agricultural, manufacturing, construction and service activities. The fiscal program for 2008 seeks to recapture the momentum lost in mobilizing domestic revenue, reorient expenditures toward priority sectors, and reduce domestic arrears . A substantial revenue collection effort is needed . Domestic revenue is projected at 11.9 percent of GDP, up from 10.8 percent in 2007. New revenue-enhancing measures introduced in the 2008 budget are being implemented and administrative measures to make the NRA more efficient include: (i) tightening fiscal controls, (ii) collecting tax due from oil importers; and (iii) adopting a code of conduct for NRA staff. Achievement of the revenue target for the first quarter of 2008 bodes well for the rest of the year. Since the NRA modernization plan was adopted, attention has turned to preparing for the introduction of the GST early in 2009, consistent with a recent FAD TA recommendation. 6 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation Sierra Leone: Fiscal Indicators, 2006-08 (Percent of GDP, unless otherwise indicated) The profile of total expenditures reflects the new government’s decision to boost poverty-reducing and infrastructure spending and to clear arrears accumulated in 2007 . The authorities agreed to clear the arrears, after they are audited, within the FY 2008 resource envelope. They also agreed to shield the budget from a contingent liability stemming from a contract signed in December 2007 with an IPP outside normal procurement procedures and on terms less favorable than these of a World Bank-supported IPP. Monetary and financial sector policies: The goal of monetary policy in 2008 is to contain inflation pressures . The reserve money target is slightly below projected nominal GDP growth (17.2 percent) to help mitigate second-round inflation risks stemming from the recent spike in world food and oil prices. Other structural reforms: Structural reforms focus on macro-critical areas to raise economic growth and improve public services . Efforts in 2008 will be directed at : o Financial sector reforms . To deepen financial intermediation and strengthen banking supervision, the BSL will implement the action plan formulated in the comprehensive strategy for the reform of the financial sector. A broader financial sector development finalized by year-end. o The financial viability of the power and water public utility companies . The authorities plan to adopt a comprehensive electricity tariff policy by year- 7 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation end with a view to covering the generation and distribution costs. The water company will also review its tariffs. o Governance and the use of public resources . The government has approved a revised Anti-Corruption Act and tabled it before parliament. It allows the ACC to prosecute cases without going through the Attorney General’s Office. A Steering Committee for the implementation of the national anti-corruption strategy has been established and will be made operational during 2008. Program Monitoring, Financing, and Extension of the Arrangement: The proposed conditionality for the third review is consistent with program goals . It has been streamlined and focused on fiscal and financial measures (the rationale of the measures is provided in the Table of the MEFP below): 8 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation Sierra Leone: Selected Economic and Financial Indicators, 2006–10 9 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation A financing assurance review was conducted because of arrears to private creditors . The authorities continued to engage external commercial creditors and have made goodwill payments to some of them to avoid litigation. The current status of Sierra Leone’s relations with its external creditors provides sufficient financing assurances for the Fund supported program. The critical challenges for Sierra Leone remain to enhance recovery; sustain democratic governance, peace, justice and security; protect the human rights of vulnerable groups; create employment, particularly for youth; increase capacities for managing development and tackling income poverty; broaden political participation, especially amongst marginalized groups such as women and youth; accelerate the pace of social advancement; and reduce the heavy dependence on ODA. These key priorities are articulated in the conclusions of the Consultative Group meeting in December 2006, the peace consolidation strategy agreed with the Peacebuilding Commission and other economic development planning documents. 5. The 2004-2007 Country Programme Document (CPD) The 2004-2007 CPD was the first post-conflict programme of cooperation of the UNDP with the Government of Sierra Leone, and it was developed under special conditions to promote an integrated approach to the causes and consequences of the conflict and to post-conflict peacebuilding. It focused on three main areas: (a) national recovery and peacebuilding; (b) poverty reduction and human development; and (c) governance and democratic development. The overall achievement of the CPD was good, with considerable progress made in recovery and peacebuilding. Assistance to the rehabilitation of community infrastructure and administrative structures at all levels was instrumental in implementing the 2004 Local Government Act. Support to poverty initiatives expanded income opportunities for the poor. Direct support in the formulation and adoption of a poverty reduction strategy paper and the preparation of a national anti-corruption strategy helped to lay the foundation for longer-term social and economic development. UNDP support to public service reform assisted the Government in strengthening top cadre in the civil service. The capacities of security agencies, the Parliament and other institutions in terms of strict adherence to the Constitution, accountability and oversight have been significantly improved. 10 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation UNDP interventions were tuned to national needs and challenges, but ‘lessons learned’ analysis revealed the following: (a) interventions covered many sectors, which marginalized their impact; (b) weak institutional and individual capacities necessitated the use of the direct execution (DEX) modality, which minimized government ownership of the programmes; and (c) the lack of statistics hindered effective benchmarking and tracking of progress in achieving intended results. The lessons learned also indicated that UNDP was effective in its coordinating role within the United Nations and the donor community. It convened the Development Partners Consultative meetings, co-chaired the Consultative Group meeting with the Government and the World Bank, managed the Elections Multi-Donors Basket Fund and participated in several United Nations thematic working groups. UNDP managed joint programmes with the European Community, the British Department for International Development (DFID) and the World Bank and mobilized funds from bilateral donors such as Ireland and the Scandinavian countries. UNDP successfully ran joint programming with the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), the United Nations Volunteers (UNV), the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF). In developing the new programme, UNDP has incorporated the lessons learned from past experience. The areas of interventions in the current CPD will be tightened and they will leverage on existing partnerships and develop new ones for improved impact of catalytic interventions and resource mobilization . The experiences gained in the pilot joint programming initiatives will be harnessed to work more closely to achieve the United Nations reform objective of delivering as one. National capacities will be strengthened for better statistics and information management and mutual accountability of the Government and UNDP for results. The Government and UNDP will also invest in enhancing programme management skills needed for effective use of national execution (NEX) and enhanced national ownership and leadership. 6. Proposed UNDAF (2008-2010) Programme The proposed UNDAF (2008-2010) programme identified 5 interrelated priority areas within its overall vision of peace consolidation and transition to long-term development. UNDP will promote sustainable human development 11 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation and rights-based principles to empower women and youth. The CPD will comprise three programme areas: (a) governance, democratic development and peace consolidation; (b) poverty reduction and human development; and (c) responding to HIV/AIDS. Gender mainstreaming and capacity development will be cross-cutting themes. The overall objective is to promote an integrated approach aimed at assisting the Government and people of Sierra Leone to tackle the causes and consequences of the conflict, while staying on a course of sustained growth and development. With regard to democratic governance, the Government has entered into a compact with its Multi-Donor Budget Support partners to continue with governance reform and implement the poverty reduction strategy. The Improved Governance Accountability Pact covers strategic areas such as anti- corruption; public accounts and audits, procurement and civil service reforms, human rights, elections, money-laundering and non-State actors. UNDP interventions will focus on the critical areas of procurement, human rights, civil service and parliamentary oversight mechanisms. The programme will work to strengthen security and stability as the foundation for sustainable democratic development and growth. It will therefore promote national reconciliation and trust through dialogue, communication and attitudinal change. The components will include disaster and risk management; youth employment and job creation; community-based arms control and human security; and improved access to justice. Cooperation will be fostered with Manu River Union members and Côte d’Ivoire and will align itself with ongoing initiatives and programmes outlined in the Peace Consolidation Strategy, the priority plans of the Peacebuilding Fund and the engagement with the Peacebuilding Commission, bearing in mind Security Council resolutions 1620 (2005) and 1325 (2000). There will also be close collaboration with the United Nations Integrated Office in Sierra Leone in the promotion and implementation of programmes. In order to promote continued political stability UNDP will support the organization and conduct of the 2007 and 2008 elections as a critical component for the consolidation of past achievements. The continuing capacity weakness in the public service poses a challenge to programme design, implementation and accountability. While recognizing these risks, UNDP will assist the Government to identify and deal with the constraints through policy and institutional capacity strengthening. UNDP will also work with the Government and donors to address the underlying causes of conflict, such as 12 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation the breakdown of the justice system, poverty, alienation of groups and bad governance. Efforts at poverty reduction will not be limited to increasing incomes but will also include mechanisms for coping with risks and vulnerability. UNDP support will consolidate the achievements from the last CPD and will provide a mix of policy advisory and downstream interventions to expand income opportunities for the poor and promote market-based and public sector solutions to the challenges of youth unemployment and women’s economic empowerment. UNDP will respond to the critical policy challenges identified by stakeholders by helping to address policy deficits and improve data collection systems so as to enable better monitoring of progress, particularly at the local level, and overall aid effectiveness. UNDP will also work to reinforce national capacity for MDG-based planning. Sustainable environment considerations are a cross-cutting priority under the UNDAF to be addressed by building national capacities for disaster response and risk reduction, waste management, deforestation, flood and erosion control and climate change. UNDP will collaborate with the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and UN-Habitat to support action plans; address issues of biodiversity, land management, renewable energy and conservation; and tackle the nexus between housing and poverty. UNDP will work within the national strategic framework, applying the Global Task Team ‘Three Ones’ principles, to contribute to national efforts at managing HIV/AIDS. The focus will seek to address the HIV/AIDS-poverty nexus through greater awareness, advocacy, information, education and communication so as to control the spread of the pandemic. 7. Programme management, monitoring and evaluation Increased national ownership and leadership will be the guiding principle for programme management. The choice of DEX or NEX modalities will be based on joint capacity assessments of implementing partners by the Government and UNDP. There will be a conscious effort to involve civil society and private sector partners in programme formulation and implementation. 13 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation Management, monitoring and evaluation arrangements will be driven by the needs of the country, the national development framework and processes, the principles of the Paris Declaration on Donor Harmonization and Aid Effectiveness and global best practices. All processes, including the implementation of the Harmonized Cash Transfer mechanisms, will be oriented towards mutual accountability for resources utilization and results. To this end, the Ministry of Development and Economic Planning will serve as chair of the programme policy group that provides broad-based policy and strategic direction for the management of the programme. Programme implementation will be guided by results-based management principles and guidelines. Monitoring and evaluation will focus on the overall contribution to development results and effectiveness in implementing the national poverty reduction strategy and the UNDAF framework. The country office will try to facilitate South-South cooperation and use cost-effective modalities such as UNV, expatriate nationals and resources from other country offices and service centres. UNDP will collaborate with the Government to mobilize resources for mutually agreed initiatives. UNDP core funds will be used as a catalyst to mobilize resources from international financial institutions and regional and bilateral partners. Given the absorptive capacity constraints and low rates of delivery experienced by some development partners, UNDP and the Government will provide support for programme implementation where UNDP has a clear comparative advantage. In line with the Paris Declaration, the harmonization of planning systems and delivery of assistance with other development partners will also be strengthened. 8. Sectoral Reforms: The Government of Sierra Leone is undertaking constructive measures to support reforms to reduce corruption and improve transparency and accountability. The Government of Sierra Leone commits to undertake specific and needed reforms to control corruption and provides material and technical assistance in five distinct component areas: o Judicial Reform o Civil Society and Media o Reform in the Health Services System o Reform in Tax, Customs, and Police Administration 14 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation o Reform in the Center for Combating Economic Crime and Corruption a. Component One : Judicial Reform The Government of Sierra Leone is committed to: o Reduce opportunities for corruption in the judiciary through increased transparency and accountability o Automate the organizational management and functioning of the courts o Improve Court procedures o Clarify the roles of court personnel o Providing training, court infrastructure improvements, and better management and IT systems. o Refocus priorities which recognize the priority to provide “primary justice” – in other words justice at the community level with a formal legal system. o Making sure that alternative systems for delivering justice (including through chiefdoms) are functioning properly and fairly. o Dealing with the backlogs and delays that continue to beset the formal justice system – civil, criminal and juvenile. o Putting in place new institutional arrangements to enhance cooperation, coordination and communication between the many actors involved in the justice sector. b. Component Two: Civil Society and Mass-Media The Government of Sierra Leone is committed to: o Support NGO monitoring of all components and initiatives. o Build the capacity of Sierra Leonean NGOs and mass media o Implement reforms and new Government policies that can enable civil society and mass media organizations to effectively play their roles as monitors of government policy and performance o Educate the public o Build effective models of NGO/government partnership. c. Component Three: Reform in the Health Services System The Government of Sierra Leone is committed to: o Complement its ongoing efforts to make quality health care more accessible and transparent to all patients. o Reduce opportunities for corruption in the health care delivery system by limiting the discretionary powers of health care providers, budget managers, and procurement agents. 15 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation o Establishment of norms and standards and by increasing accountability through increased oversight. d. Component Four: Reform in Tax, Customs, and Police Administration The Government of Sierra Leone is committed to: o Improve capacities and transparency in tax collection and customs administration o Improve institutional and human resource capacities in police administration o Improve Ethics Code implementation systems. e. Component Five: Reform in the Anti Corruption Commission (ACC) The Government of Sierra Leone is committed to: o Provide technical assistance to help the ACC implement institutional reforms to decentralize the agency Improve institutional and human resource capacities in police administration. o Help create an independent Civilian Board to monitor the activity of the ACC and to advise the ACC Commissioner. o Improve institutional and human resource capacities. o Enhance whistleblower protection mechanisms. o Improve delivery of social services in terms of quality, quantity and process, while the other is a public service that is effective in preventing and confronting corruption without compromising peace and security and playing a leading role in providing the courage for citizens to regard corruption as destructive and therefore avoid being a party to it. The core principles of the Government Strategy are as follows: Comprehensive approach to the process of reform: The strategy recognizes the various public sector reforms that are taking place which will constitute the context within which it will be implemented. In this regard, the Strategy is an integral part of the overall reform process rather than a stand-alone instrument for combating corruption. Zero-tolerance: The strategy has identified a National Integrity System which outlines standards of conduct in public life and requires exemplary adherence to these standards from the Pillars of Integrity. All entities constituting the Pillars of 16 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation Integrity shall demonstrate zero-tolerance to corruption in all its forms. Use of multiple measures: The strategy adopts a combination of measures in the fight against corruption. These include prevention centered around public education on the forms and ills of corruption in our society to generate popular support and strengthen resolve to resist and combat corruption; confrontation which includes exposure, investigation and prosecution of corrupt practices and delivering just punishment for proven offences of corruption; strengthening the Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) so that it is effective in providing leadership in the fight against corruption; and cross-cutting institutional capacity strengthening as highlighted in the various public sector and civil service reforms geared towards improving service delivery, generating commitment among civil servants, enhancing access to information, widening citizens participation in governance and maintaining the rule of law. Such combination of measures holds greater prospects for meaningful impact on corruption than a narrowly focused approach. Partnership: It is recognized that success in combating corruption requires forging alliances between the state, civil society and the private sector because each of these sectors has critical roles to play in the process. As the state formulates and enforces anti-corruption legislations, the roles of civil society and the private sector, in particular, become critical in raising awareness of the ills of corruption among citizens and cooperating with state entities in consolidating the national integrity system. Adherence to the rule of law: In executing the measures against corruption as outlined in this strategy, the supremacy of the law prevails. All citizens regardless of stature shall be equal before the law and human dignity shall be upheld. 17 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation 9. Indicators Used in FY08 Ruling Justly Investing in People Economic Freedom Natural Resources Civil Liberties (Freedom House) Public Expenditures on Health (GoSL) Cost of Starting a Business(WB/ GoSL) Land Rights and Access Index (UN/IFAD/WB/ UNEP) Political Rights (Freedom House) Immunization (WHO) Inflation (IMF/GoSL) Natural Resources Management Index (WB/FAO/IFAD/ GoSL) Voice and Accountability (WB/ Freedom House/UNDP ) Primary Education Spending (WB/ EdStats /UNIFEM) Fiscal Policy (IMF/WB/UNCD/ GoSL) Government Effectiveness (WB/ UNDP /CPD) Girls Primary Education Completion (WB/EdStats /UNIFEM) Days to Start a Business (WB/IFC/GEF/GoSL) Rule of Law (WB/GoSL ) Trade Policy (WTO/WB/WEO/ EC/UNIDO) Control of Corruption (WB/GoSL /CPD/ WEO) Regulatory Policy (WBI/EC) CPD: Country Programme Document DFID: Department of Foreign and International Development EC: European Commission GEF: Global Environment Facility GoSL: Government of Sierra Leone IFS: International Financial Statistics UN/IFAD: United Nations/International Fund for Agricultural Development UNCDF: United Nations Capital Development Fund UNDP: United Nations Development Programme UNEP: United Nations Environment Programme UNIDO: United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNIFEM: United Nations Development Fund for Women 18 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation WB: World Bank WB/IFC: World Bank/International Financial Corporation WEO: World Economic Outlook WHO: world Health Organization WTO: World Trade Organization 10. Sierra Leone’s Scores in 2008: Ruling Justly 11. Sierra Leone’s Scores in 2008: Investing in People 19 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation 12. Sierra Leone’s Scores in 2008: Economic Freedom How to Read this Scorecard: Each MCC Candidate Country receives an annual scorecard assessing its performance in 3 policy categories: Ruling Justly, Investing in People, and Economic Freedom. Under the name of each indicator is the country’s score and percentile ranking in its income peer group (0% is worst; 50% is the median; 100% is best). Under each country’s percentile ranking is the peer group median. Country performance is evaluated relative to the peer group median and passing scores, or scores above the median, are represented with green. Failing scores, or scores at or below the median, are represented with red. The black line that runs along the horizontal axis represents the peer group median. Each World Bank Institute indicator is accompanied by a margin of error, which is represented by the vertical blue bar. 13. Sierra Leone’s Scores in 2009: Ruling Justly 20 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation 14. Sierra Leone’s Scores in 2009: Investing in People 15. Sierra Leone’s Scores in 2009: Economic Freedom How to Read this Scorecard: Each MCC Candidate Country receives an annual scorecard assessing its performance in 3 policy categories: Ruling Justly, Investing in People, and Economic Freedom. Under the name of each indicator is the country’s score and percentile ranking in its income peer group (0% is worst; 50% is the median; 100% is best). Under each country’s percentile ranking is the peer group median. Country performance is evaluated relative to the peer group median. Scores above the median, represented with green, meet the performance standard. Scores at or below the median, represented with red, do not meet the performance standard. The black line that runs along the horizontal axis represents the peer group median. Each World Bank Institute indicator is accompanied by a margin of error, which is represented by the vertical blue bar. 16. The Compact Application Process The Government of Sierra Leone is in a position to establish and fund core teams with relevant skills to lead Compact proposal development when called upon by the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). 21 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation o The Government will consult with civil society/private sector to develop Compact program proposals consistent with overall development efforts and an approach to economic growth shared by the country and MCC. o Proposals will be rigorously reviewed for “due diligence” on the consultation process, growth and poverty reduction potential, coherence, measurable development results and impact, technical and administrative feasibility and environmental and social impacts. o The Government will also work with MCC to evaluate and establish structures for fiscal accountability, high procurement standards and effective program management, and to set performance benchmarks. o Once Compact proposal is refined and approved by the MCC, the Government of Sierra Leone will staff up and implement program activities, with MCC guidance and oversight. 22 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation References Congressional Research Service – Library of Congress. (2006). CRS Report for Congress: Millennium Challenge Account. Retrieved November 14, 2008, from fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/70295.pdf eStandardsForum. (2008). Low income country profile: Sierra Leone. Financial Standards Foundation. Retrieved November 15, 2008, from estandardsforum.org/secure_content/country_profiles/cp_157.pdf Governance Matters 2008. (2008). Country data report for Sierra Leone, 1996-2007. Retrieved November 15, 2008, from info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/pdf/c196.pdf GoSL. (2008). Government of Sierra Leone Justice Sector Reform Strategy: 2008 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2008, from daco sl.org/encyclopedia/4_strat/4_1/justice_sector_reform08-10.pdf IMF Country Report No. 08/ 249. (2008). Sierra Leone: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper—Progress Report. Retrieved November 15, 2008, from imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2008/cr08250.pdf IMF Press Release No. 08/218. Statement by the IMF Staff Mission to the Republic of Sierra Leone. International Monetary Fund. imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2008/pr08218.htm Millennium Challenge Corporation. (2008). Scorecard for Sierra Leone, Fiscal Year 2008. Retrieved November 16, 2008, from mcc.gov/documents/score-fy08-sierraleone.pdf Millennium Challenge Corporation. (2008). Scorecard for Sierra Leone, Fiscal Year 2008. Retrieved November 16, 2008, from mcc.gov/documents/score-fy09-english-sierraleone.pdf 23 | P a g e Sierra Leone and the Millennium Challenge Corporation Search for Common Ground. (2006). Search for Common ground – Sierra Leone. Retrieved, November 15, 2008, from daco sl.org/encyclopedia/5_part/5_5/sfcg_profile.pdf Sierra Leone Encyclopedia 2008 (2008). National Anti Corruption Strategy 2008 2013. Retrieved November 14, 2008, from daco sl.org/encyclopedia/4_strat/4_1/acc_2008.pdf World Health Organization. (2006). Country Health System Factsheet – 2006: Sierra Leone. Retrieved November 13, 2008, from afro.who.int/home/countries/fact_sheets/sierraleone.pdf November 2008 Prepared for the Government of Sierra Leone Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) Presidential Task Force by: (Dr.) Kenday S. Kamara Kenday S. Kamara is a freelance research and development consultant in administration, policy development and capacity building. He can be reached at [email protected] . S kype: codbraconsultants 24 | P a g e
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