コチ-ア農業協同組合 No matter what they say - the main contribution of Japanese immigrants to Brazil resides in agriculture. It was the Japanese who spread the cultivation of potatoes, tomatoes, fruits and flowers and poultry. For giving support to the development of agriculture, the two largest agricultural cooperatives Nikkei - Agricultural Cooperative and Agricultural Cooperative Cotia South Brazil - enjoyed a special force. The two reigned almost absolute on Brazilian agricultural scenario in the postwar period. Cooperatives began to emerge in the different groups of Japanese from the late 20s and 30s, when the Consulate General of Japan in São Paulo started to encourage its creation in Japanese molds and offer subsidies for the creation of new cooperatives. One of the last points of the former Agricultural Cooperative Cotia - CAC should no longer exist in a few days. On site at km 27 of the Raposo Tavares, the Old Mill, will be built over a shed of a large company. Saku Miura (founder of Nippak Journal in 1916), who passionately advocated the creation of cooperatives, published in the newspaper itself Nippak, in September 1926, an article entitled In Praise of the Potato as part of a project to build Cotia a cooperative in the village, on the outskirts of São Paulo. Potato growers, because they have a warehouse, could not carry their product freely, being constant victims of merchants. Seeing the need to build a warehouse in the Community scheme, Miura began to foster the movement for the creation of an agricultural cooperative. The movement itself was controlled by Kenkichi Shimomoto, a young 28 year old who temporarily returned to Japan with the money obtained by selling potatoes and observed, in the province of Kochi (his birthplace), the organization of cooperatives. On December 11, 1927, was created in the village Cotia, Cooperative Society Limited liability of Potato Growers in Cotia S / A. Two years later, the embryo would be created south of Brazil, the Agricultural Cooperative Juqueri. In addition to the planting of potatoes, the cooperative also began to encourage the cultivation of vegetables, changing its name to Agricultural Cooperative Cotia (CAC). The area of operation of the cooperative, once restricted to a very limited area, began to expand to neighboring districts. Then have opened new offices in other locations, beginning the recruitment of members. The cooperative, which in the year of its foundation had only 83 members, now has 1,303 cooperatives in 1937 (ten years later), becoming the largest agricultural cooperative in Brazil. In October 1934, the intermediates of São Paulo, launched a boycott of producers cooperative, giving rise to the greatest challenge faced by the group since its inception. The cooperative, which had the support of other non-affiliated producers and the state government interrupted the supply of products to the markets of São Paulo, with what finally got the victory. From 1938, the cooperative now covers the entire state. Since the producers were interested in the inner reaches of the capital markets, the main consuming center of the state, the cooperative continued to grow. At this point, the cooperative had already introduced the techniques for Japan poultry and devoted himself to its diffusion. Meanwhile, since its founding in 1929 until 1939, when Genichirō Nakazawa was elected executive director of the Agricultural Cooperative Juqueri had been in a state of inner turmoil. In the same period, the number of cooperative had grown from 49 to only 93. In Brazil, by 1900, the agricultural products grown were only 20 The arrival of immigrants has contributed to enrich and make our diverse agriculture. The Japanese and Italians were the main contributors to this. The great contribution of Japanese farmers was the diversification of cultures, whose efforts intensified after the 30s, write Hideharu Sakata and Wakisaka Katsunori. They also highlight the expansion of the farmers of several regions of Brazil, and from the 70, the contribution to the modernization of agriculture. Referring to crop diversification, the authors highlight some important products in the Brazilian market are related to Japanese. In the fruit-growing industry, the avocado was contributed by Taizo Ito (Itapetininga), which made the selection of the variety Joker, large fruit and excellent quality. In 1972, the Agricultural Cooperative Cotia introduced small fruits and, in Paraná, the Makiyama made the selection of a variety adapted to colder regions. The ponkan tangerine was of the Toyokichi Imai production and dissemination of variety without thorn and adequate for large crops and industrialization. Persimmon, originating in Japan and compulsory land in fruit of Japanese immigrants arrived in the 1890s, brought by Pereira Barreto, of France, first in seed and then changes. It is estimated that in Brazil, there are about 200 varieties, and the sweet persimmons were introduced by the Japanese. Sakuzo Sawabe, from 1939, on the beginning of its commercial cultivation (adopting the same precautions on the peaches). And were Shin-Ichi Ogawa (Rio de Janeiro), Haruo Kumagai (Campinas) and Nishimori (Atibaia) some of the introducers of new varieties. Papaya arrived at Pará in 1971, with the help of the priest Tenrykyo, Akihiko Shirakibara, who brought the Hawaiian papaya seeds as an alternative to the producers of black pepper kingdom plagued by pests that decimated their crops. The melon was introduced by Onishi, Presidente Prudente, and technical variety of CAC CAC Yellow melon, which made Brazil, one of the largest producers in the world. The apple market, dominated by Argentina, from the 80s came to be occupied by the variety Fuji apple, introduced thanks to the guidance of Dr. Kenshi Ushirozawa sent by JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency), in the State of Santa Catarina. Medlar started to be cultivated on a commercial scale by Japanese immigrants. With the peach was the same, with the majority of cultivated varieties originated in the work of selecting the Yoshioka brothers, Itaquera. The tanberina ponkan owes its playback Kyujiro Kuwabara that, in 1929, two grafted seedlings that had brought Japans native lemon tree. The strawberry started commercial production with the selection of varieties Keijiro made by Honda in 1946, being cultivated by the Japanese established in Itaquera. Subsequently, the School of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz (Piracicaba) and Cotia South-Brazil cooperative distributed saplings free of viruses. The grape italy, as the name implies, was imported from Italy, but was Susumu Usui, producer of Ferraz de Vasconcelos, in 1940, who developed the technique in Brazil and took charge of disclosure. In 1973, Kotaro Okuyama (Bandeirantes - PR), introduced the Ruby Okuyama, a variant of which is colored grape italy to reach maturity. Watermelon, originally from Africa and brought to Brazil by American immigrants, should improve their quality of Japanese immigrants. These introduced in Bastos, after World War II, variety Yamato which supplanted the Santa Barbara, hitherto predominant. The chestnut fruit temperate, Keiichi Matsumoto found in a dedicated researcher. In 1958, to bring a variety of Japan, planted it on his farm in Itaquera and, in collaboration with other farmers, tried it in various locations. Although it has obtained adequate variety, the production did not take off - its consumption is concentrated in the Christmas season, when there is no production in Brazil. Fruits after winning the stability According to Hideharu Sakata and Wakisaka Katsunori, immigrants only began to devote himself diligently to fruit after the conquest of a more stable economic position, obtained with the planting of potatoes, vegetables and poultry, and after they had managed to acquire their own land. Many fruits were grown for home consumption, and fell to the Japanese immigrants treat them doing pruning, fertilization, selection and improvement of varieties, and bringing seeds and seedlings from abroad to achieve commercial production. Around 1925/26, the Japanese immigrants who moved to the outskirts of the city of São Paulo (Juqueri Cotia, Suzano, etc.) have to devote to the cultivation of potatoes, tomatoes and vegetables and started raising chickens, to obtain manure for fertilizing the soil. In 1926, Shigeaki Tanake and Motoichi Shigeno, Mogi das Cruzes, Iwao Keiichi Matsumoto and Nagashima, Itaquera, bought the Grange Mange matrices (Itaquaquecetuba) to start its creation. This Granja had introduced 300 White Leghorn arrays of France. And were these four immigrant pioneers in the marketing of eggs. In this first phase, deserves the Agriculture Fair 1932, sponsored by Cotia to celebrate its 5th birthday, to expose a hundred white Leghorn hens of high lineage and raising the interest of farmers for poultry. Highlights also Keni-ichi Nakagawa, the village of Cotia, which initiated the establishment for manure production, but soon became the main activity in poultry. Dedicated researcher, in 1934/35, managed to create two phenomenal productivity in laying hens - one of 302 and another of 300 eggs / year. At this time, the sale of eggs CAC was made especially banking jobs in marketing vegetables in packing 3-4 eggs. In ten years, the egg whites were incorporated into the power of Brazilian and definitely built to shopping list - the city grew, and their valued spaces, reducing the yards where chickens were raised. By 1935, though increased interest in poultry, technical knowledge were scarce. At that time, through the Department of Industrial Assistance Consulate General of Japan, Central Poultry Association sent three bird species motherboards Japan, with 15 Leghorn were delivered to CCS, and Yoshiji Kodato was assigned to create them. A group of poultry farmers cooperative (Ken-ichi Nakagawa, Tanabe Shigueaki and Kodato Yoshiji) formed the Association KTK (initials of the three pioneers) and began promoting a series of events and courses for the technical improvement of poultry among its members and to provide raw material to the creators. After the course, to return to their neighborhoods, each carrying 200 chicks to start your creation. And thats the way that poultry came to the regions along the railroad north of São Paulo and high. Thus, little by little, redneck egg gave way to the egg white. Yuba Community, located in Alliance, the city near to Mirandópolis-SP, long before it was recognized for its artistic values and its famous ballet , already sported another title. Isamu Yuba, along with some companions, in 1935, in order to create a new culture, acquired 40 acres of land in Taiwan and set up a community farm. Ten years later, created 220 000 laying birds and became the largest poultry farm in South America. In 1948 with the expansion of activities, set up warehouse for selection and packing of eggs and also a home for feed production. Together these facilities, built a stage for rehearsals and artistic presentations. In 1956, the community was bankrupt. With the end of diplomatic relations between Brazil and Japan after the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Agricultural Cooperative Cotia began to devote himself to the production of food and, as it were financed entirely with national capital, managed to escape to the measures to freeze assets . Although he was now under government control, the continued activities of the cooperative. Also became mandatory for all management positions were occupied by native Brazilians. While other cooperatives Nikkei could not find a suitable position for the Brazilian Agricultural Cooperative Cotia elected its Legal Adviser, Ferraz, to the post of chief executive officers. With population growth of the city of São Paulo during the war years, the cooperative has also grown - the cooperative, which early in the war already numbered 2000, became in 3000 the end of the war. The growth of cooperatives in the postwar period. The Agricultural Cooperative Cotia continued to grow in the post-war, surpassing the 5000 cooperative in 1952 and expansion into neighboring states. The Agricultural Cooperative Juqueri became chaired by Angelo Zanini from 1946 and Genichirō Nakazawa as managing director and, following in the footsteps of Agricultural Cooperative Cotia, also began to grow rapidly. From 1951, the Agricultural Cooperative Juqueri advanced towards the interior thanks to the poultry and egg production and, in 1954, was renamed the South-Central Brazil Agricultural Cooperative. In 1966, the South Brazil was already present in Paranavaí in the state of Paraná. In addition to the planting of potatoes and vegetables and poultry, both cooperatives helped spread the cultivation of flowers and fruits in the postwar period. In 1973, the Agricultural Cooperative of Cotia already sent to the cooperative sawed in the states of Minas Gerais, Goiás and Mato Grosso states dominated the climate of tropical savanna. In the second half of the 80s, Cotia had cooperated 14,470 (1986); in 1988, the South had Brazil, distributed in 40 sub-units, 10,704 members. However, both cooperatives contracted a large amount of debt in the late eighties, due to the crisis in agriculture and the negative economic scenario. The South-Brazil Agricultural Cooperative ended its activities on March 30, 1994, followed by the Agricultural Cooperative Cotia on September 30 of that year, causing a shock in the Japanese-Brazilian community. Nevertheless, this was a beautiful chapter in the history of Japanese immigration to Brazil.
Posted on: Wed, 15 Oct 2014 13:21:23 +0000
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